年

CUNNINGHAM,"A History of the Sikhs" Calcutta, 1904; MACGREGOR,"History of the Sikhs"(2 vols., London, 1846; COURT,"History of the Sikhs"' GOUGH,"The Sikhs and the Sikh Wars"(London, 1897); SAYED MOHAMED LATIF,"History of the Punjab"(Calcutta, 1891); SEWARAM SINGH THAPAR,"Sri Guru Nanak Deva"(Rawalpindi, 1904); BHAGAT LAKSHMAN SINGH,"A short Sketch of the life and Work of Guru Govind Singh"(Lahore, 1909); MACAULIFFE,"The Sikh Religion"(6 vols., Oxford, 1909); TRUMPP,"The Adi Granth, the Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs"(London, 1877), stigmatised by Macauliffe as an unreliable translation.

坎宁安，是&历史的锡克教徒&（加尔各答， 1904年； macgregor ，&历史的锡克教徒&（ 2卷，伦敦， 1846年）；法庭&的历史，以及锡克教徒&，歌赋，&锡克教徒和锡克教徒的战争&（伦敦， 1897年）；赛义德穆罕默德拉提夫，&历史的旁遮普邦&（加尔各答， 1891年）； sewaram辛格thapar ，&斯大师诞辰deva &（拉瓦尔品第， 1904年）； bhagat拉克什曼辛格，&短期素描的生命和工作的宗师govind辛格&（拉合尔， 1909年）；麦考利夫，&锡克教徒的宗教&（ 6卷，牛津， 1909年）； trumpp ，& ADI公司granth ，圣经中的锡克教徒&（伦敦， 1877年），受耻辱，由麦考利夫作为一个不可靠的译本。

CUNNINGHAM,"A History of the Sikhs" Calcutta, 1904; MACGREGOR,"History of the Sikhs"(2 vols., London, 1846; COURT,"History of the Sikhs"' GOUGH,"The Sikhs and the Sikh Wars"(London, 1897); SAYED MOHAMED LATIF,"History of the Punjab"(Calcutta, 1891); SEWARAM SINGH THAPAR,"Sri Guru Nanak Deva"(Rawalpindi, 1904); BHAGAT LAKSHMAN SINGH,"A short Sketch of the life and Work of Guru Govind Singh"(Lahore, 1909); MACAULIFFE,"The Sikh Religion"(6 vols., Oxford, 1909); TRUMPP,"The Adi Granth, the Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs"(London, 1877), stigmatised by Macauliffe as an unreliable translation.

坎宁安&的历史锡克&（加尔各答， 1904年； MACGREGOR ，&历史的锡克教徒&（ 2卷。，伦敦， 1846年），法院，&历史的锡克教徒&高夫&的锡克教徒和锡克星球大战&（伦敦， 1897年）； SAYED穆罕默德拉蒂夫，&历史的旁遮普邦&（加尔各答， 1891年）； SEWARAM辛格塔帕尔，&斯里兰卡古鲁那那天&（拉瓦尔品第， 1904年）； BHAGAT拉克什曼辛格，&短期的生活素描和工作的大师Govind辛格&（拉合尔， 1909年）； MACAULIFFE ，&辛格&（ 6卷。，牛津， 1909年）； TRUMPP ，& ADI公司格兰斯，圣经的锡克教徒&（伦敦， 1877年），打上了Macauliffe作为一个可靠的翻译。

G.E.Hubb root is from 0.20mm to 0.50mm, and 95% roots, diameter is thinner than 0.40mm. The total surface areas of roots is 10139.68cm^2, and the surface areas of roots is about 2 to 3 times to soil surface areas in the surface layer. Enlacing sod concretion to soil profile of Eulaliopsis binata G.E. Hubb root and the gigantic adsorption to soil grains of root surface are the mechanism why Eulaliopsis binata G.E. Hubb can reduce null and water loss significantly. The monitoring result from 2003 to 2004 indicates that, when the gradient is 12 degrees, the runoff rate of planting Eulaliopsis binata Retz. G.E. Hubb completely after changing slope land to ladder (PECC, so as the follows is only 49.90m^3/hm^2?yr. and the soil loss rate is 155.78kg/hm^2?yr, however, the runoff rate of fanning and being not change slope land to ladder is 314.29m^3/hm^2?yr that is 6.30 times to PECC ,and the soil loss rate is 3322.50 that is 21.33 times to PECC; When the gradient is 24 degrees, the runoff rate of planting eulaliopsis binata G.E, Hubb in the ridge and border slope land after changing slope land to ladder is 248.04m^3/hm^3?yr and the soil loss rate is 612.00kg/hm^3?yr. the runoff rate of PECC is only 42.44m^3/hm^2?yr and the soil loss rate is 153.75kg/hm^2?yr, however, the runoff rate of ENC reaches to 785.73m^3/hm62?yr that is 3.17 times to PERBC and 18.52 times to PECC, and the soil lose rate reaches to 37503m^3/hm^2 yr that is 61.33 times to PERBC and 244.12 times to PECC.

蓑草根系平均直径0.20~0.50mm， 95%的根系平均直径小于0.40mm，根系总表面积10139.68cm^2，在土壤表层根系表面积高达土体表面积的2~3倍，根系表面对土壤颗粒的巨大吸附作用是蓑草显著提高土壤抗侵蚀能力的另一个重要原因。2003~2004年的监测结果表明，在12度坡度情况下，坡改梯后净作蓑草年径流量仅49.90立方公尺/hm^2，年土壤流失量为155.78kg/hm^2，而未坡改梯且农作情况下，年径流量314.29立方公尺／hm^2为前者的6.30倍，年土壤流失量3322.50Kg/hm^2为前者的21.33倍；在24度坡度情况下，坡改梯后土埂及边坡种植蓑草、坡面农作年径流量248.04立方公尺/hm^2，年土壤流失量612.00kg/hm^2，坡改梯后净作蓑草径流量42.44立方公尺/hm^2，土坡流失量l53.75kg/hm^2，而未坡改梯且农作情况下年径流量高达785.73立方公尺/hm^2，分别为处理1的3.17倍，处理2的18.52倍，年土壤流失量高达37503kg/hm^2，分别为处理1的61.33倍，处理2的244.12倍。

Gilberto Salvador was born in Sao Paulo in Brazil, graduated from the University De Sao Paulo, has participated in the "Pinacoteca do Estado de Sao Paulo" SP, Brazil in 2001; the 11th "Bienal Iberoamericana de Arte do Mexico" in 1998; the 16th"Bienal Internacional de Sao Paulo" in Brazil in 1977; the 10th "Bienal Internacional de Sao Paulo" in Brazil.

简介：吉尔贝托·萨尔瓦多 1946年12月生于巴西圣保罗。毕业于圣保罗大学。2001年参加巴西圣保罗国家美术馆展览、1998年参加墨西哥第十一届拉丁美洲美术双年展、1977年参加第十四届圣保罗双年展、1969年参加第十届圣保罗双年展。

No one knew for sure who 'Historian' was when he started rubbishing the books of rival historians on Amazon and praising the work of Orlando Figes , Russian specialist and history professor at Birkbeck College, London, although many suspected the reviewer was Prof Figes.

吴敬琏，1930年1月24日生于南京。1948年考取金陵大学文学院，因病于1950年正式入学，入学后转入经济系学习。1952年高等院校调整，金陵大学经济系并入上海复旦大学经济系。1953年大学毕业，1954年分配到中国科学院经济研究所。1955-1956年跟后来在柯西金时期成为著名改革派经济学家的前苏联专家阿·毕尔曼学习，研究企业财务和国家财政问题。1956-1957年参加全国范围的体制调查和体制改革研究。

It showed that the niche breadth and niche overlapping indexes of the enclosed grassland in 2007 are much lower than in 2006 as a whole; The niche breadth of Artemisia ordosica is bigger than other species in the region in 2002. In 2003, the dominant species were Artemisia ordosica and Salsola ruthenica. Their niche breadth indexes were 0.544 and 0.460 respectively. The results of niche overlapping in 2006 and 2007 also showed that the species with big niche breadth didn't always have big niche overlapping, and the niche breadth and niche overlapping did not have a positive direct linear relation.

结果表明：2007年封育区植物种的生态位宽度及种间的生态位重叠指数总体上较2006年有所降低；2006年黑沙蒿生态位宽度最大，达0.768，是06年封育区的优势种；2007年封育区的优势种为刺沙蓬和黑沙蒿，其生态位宽度值分别为0.544、0.460；2006年和2007的生态位重叠结果均表明，生态位宽度大的物种不一定和其他物种有大的重叠指数，较高的生态位宽度和较高的生态位重叠之间并不存在直接的线性关系；2006年、2007年较高的Pianka生态位重叠指数都出现在生态位宽度较小的物种之间。

Twenty seven tree-ring chronologies from 7 individual sites in western and Northeasternern China, which have been proved good in quality and being capable of indicating seasonal temperature variation at regional scale, are collected and used to reconstruct regional annual mean temperature series.

通过对器测温度资料与代用温度资料的研究，对中国过去1000年的地表温度序列进行了初步重建。重建主要以树轮年表资料为基础，采用不同方法分别合成具有年分辨率的400年与1000年西部温度序列，以及具有10年分辨率的400年全国温度序列和具有30年分辨率的1000年全国温度序列。

The results showed that obvious interdecadal variability of summer temperature was found,which was relevant to interdecadal variability of atmospheric circulation over the Asia.It also indicated that the important reason of summer temperature anomaly might be interdecadal variability of climate in Northern China.The circulation in mid-latitudes and high-latitudes in summer of 2003 took on two troughs and ridges,which was contrary to climate state of recent decades.The signs of climate shift were foreshowed in 2003 according to the characteristics of interdecadal variability.

结果表明：中国夏季气温变化有明显的年代际特征，这一特征与亚洲上空大气环流的年代际变化紧密相关，表明我国北方地区夏季气温异常一个很重要的原因或许是缘于气候年代际变化。2003年夏季中高纬环流形势呈两槽两脊的配置，与近十几年气候态分布刚好相反，因而从气候年代际变化的特征来看，2003年为预示年代际气候转型的征兆。

Viruses do 'escape' from laboratories, even high security facilities. The H1N1 influenza lineage that circulated in the human population for four decades after the 1918 Spanish influenza epidemic, disappeared during the 1957 Asian influenza pandemic, was absent for two decades, but then reappeared in 1977. Gene sequences of the 1977 isolate and others collected in the 1950s were almost identical, indicating that the virus had not replicated and evolved in the interim, and had probably been held in a laboratory freezer between 1950 and 1977 and 'escaped' during passaging.

病毒确实从实验室中'逃跑'，即使有高度保护设施。H1N1家族流感病毒，在人类传播了40年自1918年西班牙流感疫情之后，在1957年亚洲流感大流行后失踪，消失了20年，但随后在1977年重新出现。1977年分离基因序列和在20世纪50年代收集的基因序列几乎相同，这表明病毒并没有复制和演变在中间期，并可能在1950年至1977年保存在实验室冷冻器，又在中间期内&逃脱&出来。

The H1N1 influenza lineage that circulated in the human population for four decades after the 1918 Spanish influenza epidemic, disappeared during the 1957 Asian influenza pandemic, was absent for two decades, but then reappeared in 1977. Gene sequences of the 1977 isolate and others collected in the 1950s were almost identical, indicating that the virus had not replicated and evolved in the interim, and had probably been held in a laboratory freezer between 1950 and 1977 and 'escaped' during passaging.

病毒确实从实验室中'逃跑'，即使有高度保护设施。H1N1家族流感病毒，在人类传播了40年自 1918年西班牙流感疫情之后，在1957年亚洲流感大流行后失踪，消失了20年，但随后在1977年重新出现。1977年分离基因序列和在20世纪50 年代收集的基因序列几乎相同，这表明病毒并没有复制和演变在中间期，并可能在1950年至1977年保存在实验室冷冻器，又在中间期内&逃脱&出来。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。