平面度

In general, the dipole components are located at the zero potential plane, called null plane. However, for 3D topographic mapping, many zero potential points can be detected. Instead of testing all the possible points, the proposed approach is to fit the selected zero potentials in terms of a linear plane, i.e. null plane, via least square approach.

一般来说，电偶极的位置都在零电位面上，为了取得零电位面，本研究在三度空间拓朴图映射中找出多点零电位点，然后采用最小平方法，找出一个线性平面通过这些零电位点当做零电位面。

The 1995/6 Saturn Ring Plane Crossing observations found that Prometheus was lagging by 20 degrees from where it should have been based on Voyager 1981 data. This is much more than can be explained by observational error.

根据1995年6月的土星光环平面交叉线观察发现，土卫十六比从旅行者号1981年数据算出的所在位置落后了20度，这是不足以用观察误差所能解释的。

The algorithm automatically adjusts every image's inserting point by mapping multi-images onto a suitable sphere, to make accumulative average gray values of difference images on overlapped position be minimal, and then conversely maps the spherical image to plan image to finally get the stitched images.

该算法通过把多幅图像映射到一个合适的球面上，自动调整每幅图像的插入点，使得重合位置的差值图像灰度累积平均值最小，然后球面的图像反映射成平面形式，最终得到拼合图像。

With the commercial photography, graphic design, publishing books and magazines produced, the plate separation, photography and advertising page production years of experience, coupled with advanced equipment and rich in creativity and courage of people with professional knowledge so that the "negative Ling of photographic design studio "rapid growth, becoming the major businessmen and manufacturers in developing business in good partners, is to help you to succeed as a bridge!

凭着在商业摄影、平面设计、书刊排版制作、分色制版、广告拍摄和网页制作多年累积的经验，再加上先进的器材和丰富的创意、魄力的人才、配合专业的知识，使「负凌度摄影设计工作室」飞速的成长，成为各大商家、厂家拓展商业的好伙伴，是协助你们迈向成功的桥梁！

Its axis is always at the angle to the plane of its orbit – an angle of about 23.5 degrees.

地轴同地球轨道平面总是成一个角度----大约二十三度半的角度。

Its axis is always at the angle to the plane ofits orbit - an angle of about 23.5 degrees.

地轴同地球轨道平面总是成一个角度----大约二十三度半的角度。

In the finite element method for elastic problems, when any two constant-strain elements are geometrically similar in the plane or space coordinates, their coefficients of stiffness are equal or proportional.

在弹性力学的有限单元法中，几何相似的平面或空间等应变元，其劲度系数相等或成一定比例。

In this paper, the analytical expressions of seismic input for homogeneous elastic half-space are first derived in oblique incidence of plane SV-wave, and then a finite element model for a real hydropower cavern group composed of main powerhouse- transformer chamber- tailrace surge tank cavern is created. Characteristics of seismic responses such as displacement, acceleration and stress are studied in detail at different incidence angles and some results are compared with those given by the literature.

本文首先推导了平面SV波斜入射下均质弹性半无限空间的地震动输入表达式，然后建立了某水电站主厂房室-主变室-尾水调压室等构成的地下洞室群有限元模型，详细研究了不同入射角度下各洞室的位移、加速度、动应力等地震反应特点，并与文献进行了对比。

In this chapter, three kinds of target recognition methods are performed, which are:①Target recognition method based on the description of polarization parameter plane. The echo polarization states of target are projected onto the polarization state plane described by the ellipticity ε and the tilt angle τ of the polarization ellipse, the change of parameter following ferquency becomes the chart. According to the changing trait of the chart, the multidimensional polarization feature space of target has been contructed. Furthermore, a series of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.②Target recognition method based on the description of Poincare polarization sphere. The echo polarization states of target expressed by Stokes vector are projected onto the Poincare polarization sphere. The conception of polarization ferquency stability, which is used in describing the dynamic distribution characteristics of the target echo polarization states on Poincare polarization sphere, has been defined. A group of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.③Target recognition method based on the description of frequency sensitivity. In accordance with the conception of the polarization state distance defined on Poincare polarization sphere, the frequency sensibility of the physical structure property of target has been investigated, the frequency distribution feature curves in PSD domain are obtained, and targets'features are extracted by means of the curve-fitting method with Least Square Criterion.

这章具体研究了基于三种极化散射特性描述的相应的目标识别方法：①基于极化参数平面描述的目标识别方法，将目标回波极化状态投影到以极化椭圆参数，即椭圆率角ε和倾角τ表征的极化状态平面上，参数随观测频率的变化就形成了图，根据图的变化特点构造了目标的多维极化特征空间，并提取了不敏感目标姿态变化的极化特征参数组来设计目标的识别器结构；②基于Poincare极化球面描述的目标识别方法，采用Stokes矢量表征目标回波的极化状态，并将其投影到描述极化状态的Poincare极化球面上，定义了极化频率稳定度的概念用以刻画目标回波极化状态在Poincare极化球面上的动态分布信息，提取了准方位不变性的目标极化特征，最后设计了目标的识别器结构；③基于频率敏感性描述的目标识别方法，通过在Poincare极化球面上所定义的极化状态距离的概念，研究的是复杂目标物理结构特性对探测信号频率的敏感程度问题，获得了在极化状态距离下的频率分布特性曲线，采用最小二乘估计曲线拟合方法，它既用于极化特征的降维，同时又直接将拟合参数作为目标的分类特征。

Ii is found in studying plane holographic grating that polarization diffraction intensity ratio monotonously varies with incidental angle; grating has different diffraction result for different polarized light.

在研究平面全息光栅矢量衍射时，我们发现：两偏振光衍射光强之比随入射角度增大单调变化；光栅对不同的偏振光具有不同的衍射效果。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。