平面

With complex analytical analysis for B, the fixed points of B at real axis and C-plane are found. It is proved that zero is the only attract fixed point and the iteration of B on the complex plane is symmetrical. And the domains of the constringency and the divergence of B are given.

通过对B的复解析分析，得出了B在实轴和复平面上不动点的性质与求解方法，证明了0点为唯一的吸引不动点；说明了B在复平面上迭代的对称性，求出了函数迭代在整数点处的敛散区域。

In the last chapter, by introducing the isochronous center of real systems into complex planar and defining complex center and complex isochronous center, a concise linear recursion formula for period constants is given, necessary and sufficient conditions of complex isochronous center (the Time-Angle Difference Theorem) proved, conditions of real systems with linearizable center and saddle treated unitedly and the isochronous center conditions discussed fully for a class of real planar cubic systems.

在第七章，通过把实系统等时中心引入复平面研究，定义了复中心和复等时中心，给出了等时中心周期常数计算的简明的线性递推公式，证明了等时中心判定的充分必要条件，统一地处理了实系统具有可线性化的中心和鞍点条件，并对一类实平面三次系统的等时中心条件进行了完整研究。

By means of a resonable and approximate treatment the dependent variables of the integral equation are reduced to depend only on the two coordinates of the wing plane.

通过合理的近似处理，使积分方程的自变量仅依赖于机翼所在平面的两个座标，这就使我们在利用有限无法进行数值解时，只需在机翼平面上划分元素，避免了在流场空间中划分元素的传统作法，从而大大降低了对计算容量的要求和计算工作量，使跨音速三维机翼的气动力计算有可能在较小的计算机(例如709机)上完成。

This dissertation focuses on the motion control of the plane motion machines. A 2-DOF redundantly actuated plane parallel manipulator is used as example.

本文对平面运动机械机构——平面2自由度驱动冗余并联机器人进行了运动控制研究。

Based on the vector law of refection in optics, the scanning error′s academic formula is educed.

分析表明，用激光及其扫描装置建立光学基准面时，扫描误差是不可避免的，这种误差不加补偿，则最终将引入基准光学平面影响基准精度，进而降低参数的评定精度；借助于所推导的误差补偿公式，是可以补偿这种误差的，这对于建立高精度的扫描基准平面具有理论指导意义。

In adjustment calculation of highway control survey, field observation values must be changed onto reference ellipsoid and then onto Gauss projection plane, at last the control network would be adjusted in this plane.

在公路控制测量的平差计算中，须将外业观测值化算为参考椭球面上的观测值，然后再化算为高斯平面上的观测值，并在高斯平面上进行控制网的平差计算。

A 4 regular Hamiltonian planar map is a plannar map which is both 4 regular and Hamilitonian. A nearly 4 regular map is such a map that all of its vertices but the root vertex are 4 valent.

若一个平面地图的所有顶点是四次的，且又是哈密尔顿地图，则称该平面地图为四正则哈密尔顿平面图一个地图是近四正则的，是指除去根点外，其余顶点的次均为四。

On the basis of investigating the sound field of a plane piston transducer and the relations between sound field and radiation force, by settling four plane piston transducers driven at the same frequency at each corner of a regular triangular pyramid with their sound-beam axes crossing at the center of the pyramid, this technique uses ultrasonic wave synthetic theory to acquire a three-dimensional ultrasonic standing wave field. The micro-component can be captured, transported, released in the range of space by adjusting the phase of the transducers.

在研究单个圆形平面活塞换能器声场分布以及声场和辐射力关系的基础上，将以相同频率驱动的4个平面活塞换能器呈正四面体放置，利用声波合成原理获得三维超声驻波场，通过调整各个换能器发射信号相位之间的关系实现对微构件在空间范围内的俘获、移动、释放等操纵。

The main contents and achievements are summarized as following: 1. The principle of tension leveling of metal strip is described systematically using relative tension and relative curvature on the basis of plane hypothesis including the stress distribution on the section, the condition to undergo plastic longitudinal elongation, the calculation of longitudinal elongation, the change of tension along the strip etc.. 2. The tension leveling process of metal strip on a multi-roll arrangement is investigated detailed by nonlinear finite element method and many rules to guide the strain, deformation, stress and bending moment are discovered and illustrated.

本文的主要内容和成果如下： 1、以平面假设为前提，采用解析分析方法，建立了以相对张力和相对弯曲曲率为基本参数的平面应变金属带材拉伸弯曲变形基本原理较为系统的描述，描述涉及到应力分布与两个基本参数的关系、带材塑性延伸的边界条件、带材延伸率的计算、带材张力变化的计算等。

Methods:Fifty paired embalmed cadaveric humeri (twenty-five pairs:fourteen from male donors and eleven from female donors) were scanned in medial-lateral and anterior-posterior position according to the humeral retroversion by CT. Images of the humeri in the transverse planes at the lowest border of neck,20mm and 40mm distal of LBN(LBN-20、LBN-40), isthmus, head-neck anterior-posteriorwere obtained. Sixty-one extracortical and intracortical parameters were measured exactly by image analytic computer software that included offset, head position, head-shaft angle, head to tuberosity height, head thickness, curvature radius, articular surface arc, neck diameter, isthmus position, proximal and distal border of isthmus, maximum coronal and sagittal diameter of medullary canal and thickness of cortical bone in four planes, including LBN, LBN-20,LBN-40 and isthmus.

50根成对防腐肱骨(男14对，女11对)按肱骨头扭转角置于冠状位和矢状位，行肱骨全长，头颈矢状面，解剖颈下缘及其下20mm、40mm，髓腔狭窄部四平面CT扫描，由CT软件测量冠、矢状位髓腔内外参数共61项，包括头心—干轴距，头位置，头干角，头—结节高度差，头厚度，头半径，关节面张角，解剖颈直径，髓腔狭窄部位置，解剖颈下缘及其下20mm、40mm和狭窄部四个平面髓腔的最大冠、矢状径，皮质骨厚度等。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。