平等主义

Socialism ideal; stance of internationalism; anti-imperialism; consciousness of independence and equality.

剖析新中国开国外交意识形态的具体表现可以看出，新中国开国外交的意识形态包含四个方面的内容，即社会主义理想、际主义立场、对帝国主义和自主平等意识。

The fifth part has summarized the main characteristic :( 1) Zhang Tai-yans ideology is rich of academic atmosphere.(2) Preliminary national integration and ethnic equality thinking.(3) in the aspect of anti-imperialism, he preferred to radical nationalism.(4) In the treatment of traditional Chinese culture, his nationalist ideology of the neo-conservatives have distinctive characteristics.

第五部分探析章太炎民族主义思想的主要特色、章太炎的民族主义思想有浓郁的学术气息；初步的民族融合和民族平等思想；精英民主与权威主义相结合的国家政体制度；在反满反帝方面他偏向于激进民族主义，在对待中国传统文化时他的民族主义思想又具有鲜明的保守主义者的特点。

Because it must suit for the demand of the notion of modern substance rule by law in order to understand the accurate meaning,so this thesis think that the law which is in law superiority should contain the contents that are common spirit of law,including the respect of human nature dignity,equal protection,definition and calculability,trust protection and openness.

理解法律优越的准确含义必须符合现代实质法治主义理念的要求，故文章提出，法律优越中的法律应当包含作为法律之一般精神的人性尊严的尊重、平等保护、明确性与可预测性、禁止过分、信赖保护及公开性等内容。

Equality is an important question in the debate between liberalism and communitarianism today.

在当代自由主义与社群主义的争论中，平等是一个重要问题。

The author argues that we should change our view of art as expressed in the notion of disinterestedness, shift the focus of our studies from high art and traditional aesthetics to the aesthetic phenomena of the daily life,and pay critical attention to the new forms of social inequality and power relations hidden behind the process of aestheticization.

面对这种现象，美学与文艺学工作者应该突破审美活动的自律性观念，打破美学研究的传统对象，关注日常生活的审美化并寻找美学研究的新的生长点；同时，必须警惕日常生活审美化中存在的新的不平等现象，批判性分析新媒介人阶层的社会角色与意识形态，揭示审美化与大众消费主义意识形态以及市场逻辑的合谋。

Contemporary Chinese primary and junior high schools teaching show the advantages of clear step, easy to operate, convenient evaluation, etc in teaching indirect experience or book knowledge. But because of being limited by the social reality and the deviation of thought, between the opposite sides, that is between the social request and the individual development, teacher"s authority and the student"s independence, the control of discipline and the free choose, the subject knowledge and life experience, the form of generality and elevation of individuality, we always emphasize the former and neglecting the latter, presenting the characteristic of single direction, dogmatization, ro

笔者认为，在教与学关系建材弧上，应依据马克思主义思想和当代教育理论，确立如下几个基本理念：把学生当作实践主体来培养；(2)使学生的学习由被动转为主动；(3)将教学当作艺术的创造；(4)将教学建立在民主平等的交往的基础上，并将交往和认识切实地结合起来。

It is also a critique of the entire intellectual apparatus that accompanies the socialist idea, including the implicit religious doctrines behind Western socialist thinking, a cultural critique of socialist teaching on *** and marriage, an refutation of syndicalism and corporatism, an examination of the implications of radical human inequality, an attack on war socialism, and refutation of collectivist methodology.

它也是对陪伴随社会主义思想的整个思想武库的批判，包括对西方社会主义思想背后暗含的宗教教义的批判，对社会主义教导的性观念和婚姻观念的文化批判，对工会运动主义和社会统合主义的驳斥，对暗示人类极其不平等的审问，对为社会主义而战的攻击，以及对集体主义方法论的驳斥。

It is also a critique of the entire intellectual apparatus that accompanies the socialist idea, including the implicit religious doctrines behind Western socialist thinking, a cultural critique of socialist teaching on sex and marriage, an refutation of syndicalism and corporatism, an examination of the implications of radical human inequality, an attack on war socialism, and refutation of collectivist methodology.

它也是对陪伴随社会主义思想的整个思想武库的批判，包括对西方社会主义思想背后暗含的宗教教义的批判，对社会主义教导的性观念和婚姻观念的文化批判，对工会运动主义和社会统合主义的驳斥，对暗示人类极其不平等的审问，对为社会主义而战的攻击，以及对集体主义方法论的驳斥。

Her unique female consciousness runs through the whole literary works. She expresses her malcontent feelings with sharp style of writing in A Room of One's Own (1929), Three Guineas (1938), and Orlando: A Biography (1928) and so on. These works embody her unique female consciousness and advanced feminist ideas. Hence, she is regarded as the important precursor of modern feminist literary criticism, and the founding mother of the contemporary debate.

她独特的女性意识贯穿于整个文学作品中，《一间自己的房间》、《三个基尼》、《奥兰多》等作品以犀利的笔锋表达了她对当时社会男女不平等地位的强烈不满，充分体现了伍尔夫独特的女性意识和先进的女权思想，因此，她被后来的女性主义者们尊称为女性主义运动的先驱，成为西方现代女性主义文学批评的重要奠基人。

In addition, the traditional Marxism neglects the poverty of non-producer such as those unable to work. Cohen points out that, due to the flaws above, the traditional Marxism cannot give an effective refutation to Nozick's justification of capitalism. Fourthly, according to Cohen, the traditional Marxism resorts to the principle of self-ownership held by Nozick when it tries to prove the necessity of equality and to vision the socialist principle of distributive justice as well as to criticize the injustice of capitalism. Thus the traditional Marxism holds the same premise with Nozick's theory of justice in holdings, so it's easy to be attacked by Nozick, let alone an effective refutation to Nozick.

第四，传统马克思主义本身在对平等必然性的证明、对社会主义分配正义原则的构想、对资本主义不正义的批判等方面，都没有拒绝诺齐克持有正义理论所坚持的自我所有原则，这就造成了传统马克思主义与诺齐克持有正义理论拥有同一个前提，所以就容易受到诺齐克持有正义理论的攻击，也就谈不上有效回击诺齐克持有正义理论为资本主义所作的辩解和对社会主义的否定了。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。