平民的

The effect of the political maxim, Plebs Gentem non habet,"a Plebeia cannot be a member of a House," was entirely to exclude the Plebeians from the Comitia Curiata.

当时有一条政治格言，即"一个平民不能成为一个大氏族的成员"，其结果是把"平民"完全排斥在"贵族民会"之外。

With the development of daily life and culture requirements, commonalty culture is rising in China, which is very important to build a well-to-do society.

随着平民百姓生活水平的提高和文化需求的高涨，反映平民日常生活的平民文化开始发展起来，成为建设小康社会的重要组成部分。

The nobility of Paris and London are no doubt much upon a level ; but the common people of the former, being much more dependent, are not to be compared with those of the latter: and for the same reason the commonalty in Scotland differ from those in England, though the nobility too are much upon a level.

巴黎贵族和伦敦贵族的品行，无疑地没有优劣之分，但巴黎平民却不能和伦敦平民相比，因为前者的依赖性大于后者。由于同样理由，苏格兰平民和英格兰平民也有不同，尽管贵族们的道德水平是没有差别的。后面就开始出现第二分部的大标题。这两段话的英文原文是

The text adopts plain language and narrates in view of civilians.However,the Little Little Women's Prose is not always a real expression of urban civilians, but an imagination, pursuit and spurn of the first generation of cultivated white-collar urban feminie in the modernization, which strongly expresses their self identification and thus forms a new positive imagine of metropolitan and builds the image of early generation of petty bourgeois.

文本使用朴实的话语，平民化的视角娓娓叙谈，但小女人散文并非都市平民的真实表达，而是现代化最先培养出的一批都市白领女性对中产生活的想象，追求和摒弃，表达出她们强烈的自我身份认同，形成了一种都市的崭新乐观向上的新形象，塑造出早期的小资形象。

Two people and wounding 30 in the first significant attack in that city in several years.

一次如此严重的袭击，造成2名平民死亡，30名平民受伤。

There was, to be sure, in the Renaissance an uncanny and glittering reawakening of the classical ideal, of the noble mode of evaluating all things; Rome itself, oppressed by the new superimposed Judaized Rome that presented the aspect of an ecumenical synagogue and was called the "church," stirred like one awakened from seeming death: but Judea immediately triumphed again, thanks to that thoroughly plebeian ressentiment movement called the Reformation, and to that which was bound to arise from it, the restoration of the church—the restoration too of the ancient sepulchral repose of classical Rome.

的确，在文艺复兴时期，古典的理想、高贵的价值观念曾经历了光辉夺目的复苏。罗马就像一个假死苏醒的人一样在那座新建的犹太式罗马城的重压下面蠢动起来，那新罗马俨然是一座世界性的犹太教堂，它被称为&教会&。但是，很快地犹太教又一次获胜，这要归功于发生在德国和英国的运动，它被称为宗教改革，而实质上是平民的怨恨运动。伴随这场运动而来的是：教会的重振和古罗马再次被置于古老的墓穴安宁之中。

This "importation" of the individual consciousness of the creator must however remain controlled. This is of the utmost importance, without constraints or measures we would fall either into the aesthetics of popular taste or into an escalation of elitist vocabulary that would weaken the language. If I myself no longer dare to use oil paints, to revisit or augment, it is due to its intrinsic overabundance of culture; having barely touched the palate, there is an immediate return to the domain of noble art. I would be too scared of creating some useless work while loosing the intensity afforded to a more direct language. Fluctuations in our cultural structure have resulted in vernacular embodying the new norm while I, in the domain of artistic language, have opted for the mode and techniques of traditional embroidery. A long while ago, during the time of the Yuan Ming Yuan artist village, I was convinced that I would run into problems if I applied myself to oil paint. I had produced next to nothing up until the day when, by coincidence, I noticed the many works of embroidery being sold at the entrance to the Summer Palace. I felt like I had finally found my mode of expression, my own personal artistic language. Due to the fact that embroidery belongs to the pre-industrial age, there is a "folkie" quality to it, rural and natural. This ill-defined modern world in which we live must also respond to the demands of "common people", the "lowly" and the "nouveau riche". In some sense, the re-appropriation of this folkloric technique was a necessity, much as it was during the time of the shift from "prose to spoken language" [1], an unavoidable consequence of social upheaval. It was not limited to a mere question of the stylistic signification of the semantic form. What embroidery embodies is a structural modification of society at its most basic level.

虽然它注入了艺术家的个人意识，但关键就是分寸感的把握，不然，或者伦为真的大众趣味，或者切入过多的经英语词汇，而使语言虚弱，就我而言，我不敢重操油画，或是改造扩充，就是由于它本身太文化了，一出手就高雅了，怕弄个不伦不类而失掉语言直接性的强度，文化结构的改变，艺术的俗语是一种趋势，从艺术语言上，我是用传统刺绣方式和手法的，早在圆明园画家村时，我几乎没有画出什么东西，油画肯定觉得使用起来有问题，在当时偶然在颐和园门前，看到很多刺绣的艺术品，一下子感到找到了方法，因为刺绣这种手段属于工业文明之前的东西，它有种土色和平民的感觉，这种也对应了时下的&平常人&、&小人物&、&暴发户&对现代化的消费趣味的追求，那种不伦不类的现代性，正好我的家乡唐山有一个很有名的刺绣厂，找师傅做作品可能更方便，有了这个想法之后，也得到朋友的鼓励，刺绣这一传统民间资源的再利用，在某种意义上说就像&白话文&始于当时社会巨大的转型出现的必然，它不单单是语言风格样式上的意义，它体现的是深层的社会文化结构改变的宣示。

A civilian in wartime, especially one in a war zone.

平民战争时期的平民，尤指在战争区的平民

It analyses the middle-class mass culture, and shows that civilian consciousness of different mass culture has different forms and displays in different extent. So, this thesis analyses the different meanings of civilian consciousness and discusses the position and action of civilian consciousness in the daily life of teenager, citizen and middleclass. Finally, this thesis values the positive significance, negative influence and direction of mass culture in current China by the analysis of civilian consciousness.

先是分析中产阶层大众文化的平民意识，说明不同类型的大众文化中平民意识有着不同形式和不同程度的表现；然后对不同类型大众文化中平民意识的价值内涵进行分析，具体论述平民意识在青少年阶层、市民阶层和中产阶层等社会群体的日常生活中所占据的位置及其所发挥的作用；最后以对平民意识的分析为依据，评价大众文化在当今中国社会产生与发展的正面意义、负面影响及其走向。

With his dissimulation and compensating zeal, his accommodations and rationalisations, his mix of motives (careerism, but also fear and genuine belief) and his proximity to the suffering he nevertheless condoned, Simonov provides exemplary answers to the questions that weave through the book.

菲奇斯这样安排，是为了重现&生活在斯大林专制之下的苏联平民的内心世界&，也就是利用信笺、日记以及采访（部分来自于无畏的Memorial人权组织），来让那些死亡真相被隐瞒的人获得&重生&——曾经公诸于世的死亡统计左右了人们对斯大林主义本质的认识，纳粹对犹太人的大屠杀亦是如此（公开的人数混淆了德国人对纳粹本质的认识，通过信笺、日记等方式，同样也揭露了它的本质和事实真相——译者注）。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失