平坦的

In the chapter two, we will recall some basic concepts and propertiesin commutative algebra and homological algebra. In the chapter three,wewill defineⅠ-flat modules and give equivalent conditions: one module M isanⅠ-flat R-module if and only if for all prime ideals p,SuppTor_1~R

本文首先介绍了关于平坦模的一些基本概念和性质，而后将平坦模的概念在一定意义上进行推广，定义了I-平坦模，并得到了模M是I-平坦R-模的等价条件：对R中所有素理想p，有suppTor_1~R

R is a regular ring if and only if every singular right R-module is P-flat if and only if every cyclic singular right R-module is P-flat if and only if the homomorphic image of every P-flat right R-module is P-flat.

得到了R为正则环当且仅当每一个奇异右R-模P-平坦当且仅当每一个循环奇异右R-模P-平坦当且仅当P-平坦右R-模的同态像P-平坦这一主要结果。

We discuss some properties of GPP- ring and the relations between GPP- ring and - regular ring.

在第三章中，我们主要讨论了n-平坦模和n-FP内射模，定义了n-平坦维数和n-FP内射维数，并考虑了交换n-凝聚环中的n-平坦模和n-FP内射模。

Recently, Nanfang Hospital originates some novel approaches and accumulates their own experiences on the diagnosis and therapy of flat colon tumor during the colonoscopy procedure. Their conclusion is: 1. Identification of the physical characteristics and the application of chromoscopic colonoscopy are the key points of discovery of flat colon tumor.

近年来，南方医院在做肠镜检查中对平坦型大肠肿瘤的检出和诊疗上创造与积累了一些自己的经验，他们认为：提高大肠平坦型病变征象的识别和染色内镜的应用是发现大肠平坦型病变的关键，粘膜剥离术和分析粘膜剥离术是诊治大肠平坦型病变最佳方法之一。

A progressive sequence of dies for forming a cavity having a desired length, width and depth, comprising: a plurality of extendable punches, each with an impact surface, said impact surfaces alternating between a first desired pattern comprising a plurality of piercing points and a second desired pattern comprising an essentially flat surface, the length and width of each said impact surface approximately equal to the desired length and width of said cavity; a die body including a plurality of apertures adapted to receive each said punch; an opposing post positioned within each said aperture having an impact surface congruent with each said impact surface; and at least one moveable forming bushing supported by at least one forming bushing actuator slideably engaged to each said opposing post.

形成有被需要的长度、宽度和深度的一个洞的一钢模的前进序列，包含：一个可扩充打洞器的多数，每个与一个冲击表面，说冲击升至水面交互的在组成一个刺骨点的多数的一个首先需要的式样之间而且秒需要了组成一个本质上平坦的表面、长度的式样，而且每个的宽度对被需要的长度和说的洞宽度说大约相等的冲击表面；一个包括一个孔的多数一钢模身体适应接受每个说打洞器；放置在每个里面的反对职位说孔让一种冲击升至水面适合的与每个说冲击表面；而且至少被可滑动地每个被预订到的至少一个形成桥衬主动器支援的一个家具形成桥衬说反对职位。

Therelationship between the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate,whichis widely used to parameterize the dissipation rate in turbulence closure models,is found to hold well for both reversing and rotating flows,but with differentcoefficients.Microstructure profiling measurements at two comparative stations (a deepercentral basin and a local shelf break) in the stratified Yellow Sea are analyzed,with emphasis on tidal and internal-wave induced turbulence near the bottomand in the pyenocline.The water column has a distinct three-layer thermohaline structure,consisting of weakly stratified surface and bottom boundary layers anda narrow sharp pycnocline.Turbulence in the surface layer is controlled by thediurnal cycle of buoyancy flux and wind forcing at the sea surface.while thebottom stress induced by barotropic tidal eurrents dominates turbulence in thebottom boundary layer.The maximum level at which the tidally enhanced mixingcan affect generally depends on the magnitude of the tidal current,and it canbe up to 10-15 m in the Yellow Sea.This suggests that,in the deeper regionsof the shelf seas,turbulent dissipation and mixing are very weak at the levelsbetween the near-bottom tidally enhanced layer and the pycnocline.Therefore,these levels provide a significant bottle neck for the vertical exchanges.In theshallow regions,however,the tidally-induced turbulence can occupy the wholewater colum below the pycnocline.A quarter-diurnal periodicities of the turbulentdissipation rate and eddy diffusivity are found at different heights with evidenttime lag.In the relatively flat central basin,the pycnocline is essentially non-turbulent and internal-wave activity is very weak.Therefore,vertical fluxes acrossthe pycnocline decreased to molecular levels.In contrast,internal waves of variousperiods can be always found near the local shelf break.

对强层化季节黄海两对比性站位(分别位于中央海盆区与局地陆坡区)处层化、内波以及湍流混合特征的研究结果表明：1、强层化季节的陆架海水体一般呈现显著的三层热盐结构，在水体近乎混合均匀的上混合层与潮流底边界层之间为强跃层；2、近表层水体的湍流混合强度主要由海表浮力通量的日变化与海表风强迫控制，而在潮流底边界层内，潮混合是水体热量、物质、动量与能量垂直交换的主要机制；3、潮混合影响的深度由潮流大小决定，在黄海，一般可达10-15 m，因此，在水深较深的区域，在跃层与潮混合所至深度范围的上界之间存在湍流混合非常弱的区域，这显著抑制水体内物质的垂直通量，为物质垂直交换的瓶颈，而在水深较浅的区域，潮混合影响范围可至跃层底部，因此物质在跃层以下整个水体中混合非常均匀，当跃层内间歇性强混合发生时，可以产生显著的跨跃层物质输运；4、近底潮致强湍流耗散缓慢地向上传播，底上不同深度处垂直湍扩散系数也具有显著的位相差异，且二者均随时间呈现四分之一周日周期的变化；5、在地形较为平坦的中央海盆区，内波活动非常微弱，因此跃层内湍流混合非常弱，垂直扩散系数为分子扩散水平，跨跃层物质通量受到显著抑制，而在地形变化较为显著的局地陆坡区，内波活动非常活跃，除内潮的影响外，高频内波与内孤立波的影响也很显著，因此跃层内存在很强的间歇性强混合，内孤立波存在的区域，水体湍流混合显著增强。

By the study of the relationship between vegetation and spatial characteristics of UHI, the mainly spatial characteristics of UHI has been analyzed and it was:(1) The terrain of the suburbs is higher than the urban region, the gradient of the terrain height is small, and this geomorphological featrue is conducive to assemble of the heat, the UHI phenomenon of Changsha is obvious especially in the summer night;(2) The UHI distribution is similar to the outline of the urban construction. The LST of urban is 3-5℃ higher than the flat low areas close around the city, and 6-8℃ higher than further areas. The region which has the most obvious UHI phenomenon is the region surrounded by the second city ring road, and the UHI phenomenon gradually weakened from the city centre to suburb;(3) The impact of geomorphological character to UHI is notable, the relationship between vegetation index and UHI is Anti-related, it was indicated that the improvement of the vegetational status is very important to the elimination of UHI phenomenon, the implementation of the urban green land planning can reduce UHI effect.

通过分析长沙城市地区的土地覆盖、植被绿地状况与热岛空间分布状况的关系，揭示出研究区域UHI主要特征为：(1)从研究区域地表覆盖图发现，长沙市城区四周均有相对地势较高的山地，但地形梯度不大，接近四面环山的地貌特征，容易造成城区的热量聚集，有利于城市热岛效应的形成，使得长沙城区存在明显的热岛分布；(2)UHI分布与城市结构的轮廓相一致，长沙城区与地势相对平坦的近郊区的地表温度差异为3~5℃，与地势较高的周边远郊区的地表温度差异为6~8℃，长沙城区热岛效应与城市规划呈对应关系，热岛效应最显著的区域为二环线内，并从中心沿三环逐渐向郊区减弱；(3)地表覆盖类型对UHI的效应明显，长沙地区植被绿地状况与UHI呈现明显反相关分布，揭示出植被绿地对降低UHI具有重要的作用，大范围的绿地建设能有效降低UHI。

For decades now in an attempt to sell beauty products, these companies have convinced us that we need to have shinier hair, straighter hair, curlier hair, clearer skin, minimize wrinkles, alleviate bumps, have fewer lumps, firmer necks, straighter teeth, whiter teeth, bigger boobs, flatter stomachs, junk in the trunk, no cellulite, hairless legs, hairless armpits, painted nails, smooth feet, higher cheekbones, lower foreheads, poutier lips, perfectly sculpted eyebrows and smell really, really good.

十几年来，这些美容公司正孜孜不倦地试图推销美容产品并已使我们相信我们应该拥有更光泽亮丽，更直顺，或更卷曲的秀发，更净白的肌肤，更细小的皱纹，更小的肿块和小的疙瘩，更白更细直的牙齿，更结实的细脖，丰满的胸部，平坦的小腹，苗条的身材，没有多余的赘肉，光秃秃的腿和胳肢窝，涂满颜色的指甲，光滑的脚，更高耸的颧骨，更低平的前额，微撅的小嘴，完美的雕眉，微笑起来真的很漂亮。

Crown and flatness semi-decoupling design was put forward according to the coupling models' characteristic. A crown and flatness decoupling control system and its application strategy for tandem cold mills were designed to accomplish a dynamic shape control system.

然后针对耦合模型特点进行凸度平坦度半解耦设计，以补偿凸度控制和平坦度控制之间的耦合影响关系，进而设计凸度平坦度解耦控制系统，并给出冷连轧机组凸度平坦度解耦控制应用策略，组成完整的动态板形控制系统。

Within a few hours, you have enjoyed the green valleys, with their rivers, find old bridges, pleasant villages, hanging woods, smooth fields; and then the moorland slopes, with their rushing streams, stone walls, salty winds and crying curlews, white farmhouses; and then the lonely heights, which seem to be miles above the ordinary world, with their dark tarns, heather and ling and harebells, and moorland tracks as remote, it seems, as traits in Mongolia.

在几个小时的时间里，你就可以有幸领略到苍翠欲滴的山谷，涓涓小河流淌其中；你同样可以发现精致的古桥、舒适的村落、茂密的森林、平坦的田野；然后还有沼地的小山坡，带着奔泻的小溪、青石的古墙、略带咸味的海风、啼鸣的麻鹬、白色的农舍；再加上荒寂的高地，它们比平地高出几英里，上面布满黑色的深谭，遍地都是美丽的石南和蓝铃；最后还有沼地小径，它们和蒙古一样幽远。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷