平均速度

In two-dimensional steady granular flow, relationship between fluctuation of the velocity and the mean fields of flow can be established by method of mean free path.

在二维稳定的流动条件下，应用颗粒运动平均自由程的方法把应力中的速度脉动量与平均流场建立关系。

The properties of TCC with ATS were as good as the TCC with HTS, better that the requirement of standard GB8744-88 for semi-graphitic carbon block. As good as TCC with HTS in industrial cells, the TCC with ATS also reduces the sodium penetration to cathodic lining, no tear-off of the coating was found after starting up of the cells. As compared with reference cells, the operation of coating cells with ATS was also improved to keep good shape of cell chamber, reduce the formation of sludge on the cell bottom, and gain more uniform current distribution. The ohmic drop of TCC cell bottom was lessened by 11. 5mV. The current efficiency was increased by about 1. 48% in average. It was estimated that the TCC life could be 44 months. Obviously, the TCC with ATS could also improve the performance of industrial cells, save energy, and increase the cell life.

对常温固化涂层槽的考核表明，与高温固化涂层槽一样，阴极内衬对钠的吸收减少，钠渗透速度减缓，从而减小钠膨胀危害，减少了铝电解槽早期破损的几率；启动后，常温固化涂层不脱落，同样具有良好的粘接性能；与对比槽相比较，常温固化涂层槽正常生产后，阴极表面干净、光洁，无沉淀或结壳，炉膛规整，阴极、阳极电流分布均匀，炉底压降降低（平均降低11.5mV），电流效率提高（平均提高1.48％）；涂层在电解槽内存在的时间可达到44个月以上；常温固化涂层同样可以起到改善电解槽工作状态、节能降耗、延长槽寿命的作用。

The properties of TCC with ATS were as good as the TCC with HTS, better that the requirement of standard GB8744-88 for semi-graphitic carbon block.AbstractAs good as TCC with HTS in industrial cells, the TCC with ATS also reduces the sodium penetration to cathodic lining, no tear-off of the coating was found after starting up of the cells.As compared with reference cells, the operation of coating cells with ATS was also improved to keep good shape of cell chamber, reduce the formation of sludge on the cell bottom, and gain more uniform current distribution. The ohmic drop of TCC cell bottom was lessened by ll.SmV. The current efficiency was increased by about 1 .48% in average. It was estimated that the TCC life could be 44 months.Obvi

对常温固化涂层槽的考核表明，与高温固化涂层槽一样，阴极内衬对钠的吸收减少，钠渗透速度减缓，从而减小钠膨胀危害，减少了博士学位论文摘要铝电解槽早期破损的几率；启动后，常温固化涂层不脱落，同样具有良好的粘接性能；与对比槽相比较，常温固化涂层槽正常生产后，阴极表面干净、光洁，无沉淀或结壳，炉膛规整，阴极、阳极电流分布均匀，炉底压降降低(平均降低11.smv)，电流效率提高(平均提高1.48%)；涂层在电解槽内存在的时间可达到44个月以上；常温固化涂层同样可以起到改善电解槽工作状态、节能降耗、延长槽寿命的作用。

Third, the real estate investment of fixed assets investment accounts for only about 20% over the past few years the average growth rate of real estate investment in fixed assets below the average growth rate of total investment.

第三，房地产投资的固定资产投资只占20 ％左右，过去几年的平均增长率的房地产固定资产投资的平均增长速度的总投资。

The fluid flows and heat coupled calculation method is used. The standards two equations turbulence models, velocity and pressure coupled arithmetic are used.According to the results of numerical simulation analysis the local coefficient distribution changes along the pin fins.Study the effection that its height and shape of the pin fins have on the average Nu and the average number of pressure loss coefficient Eu.The circle-shaped and elliptic-shaped pin fins have different circumcolumnar regional,therefore the mixed conditions are effected.

数值计算中采用标准双方程湍流模型，速度压力耦合算法；根据数值模拟的结果分析沿扰流元的局部换热系数分布变化，研究其扰流柱高度及形状对扰流柱通道平均努赛尔特数Nu和平均压力损失系数Eu的影响，圆形和椭圆形扰流柱的绕流尾涡影响的区域的不同对扰流柱群内流体混合状况的影响。

Postural sway was measured by seven parameters derived from a force platform (kistler-9281). The seven parameters were: 1 CP sway area; 2 CP total excursion; 3 mean velocity of CP sway in the mediolateral and anterioposterior directions; 4 mean value of CP sway amplitude in the mediolateral and anterioposterior directions; 5 variability of CP sway amplitude in the mediolateral and anterioposterior directions; 6 mean value of the force signal in the mediolateral and anterioposterior directions; 7 variability of force signal in the mediolateral and anterioposterior directions; Repeated measures ANOVA procedures were used to analyze the effect of vision condition and ankle sprain.

身体摆动的大小以测力板量取的反作用力经过处理后的参数表示之，这包括，压力中心的摆动面积、压力中心的摆动轨跡长度、压力中心在两轴的平约摆动速度、压力中心在两轴的平均摆动幅度、压力中心在两轴的摆动幅度的变异性、反作用力在两轴的平均摆动幅度、反作用力在两轴摆动幅度的变异性。

In pendulum appliance group: the velocity of maxillary first molar distalizing was 0.8mm per month, distal tipping 12.6°,buccal move 0.5mm, horizontal rotation 2.8°; maxillary central incisor move mesially 0.5mm. Conclusion Two methods successfully distalized maxillary molars to appropriate positions.

钟摆矫治器组上颌第一磨牙平均远中移动3.5mm，疗程4.2个月，平均移动速度0.8mm/月；磨牙长轴向远中倾斜角度12.6°；磨牙颊向移位0.5mm；磨牙发生远中舌向水平旋转约2.8°；上颌中切牙切端向远中移动0.5mm。

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The course of treatment was 10.4 months, and the velocity of mandibular second molar mesializing was 0.8 mm per month, with 8.5 mm in mesiodistal direction, there was no changes in the vertical direction.

结果与结论：疗程10.4个月，下颌第二磨牙平均移动速度为0.8 mm/月；平均近中移动8.5 mm，垂直向没有变化；磨牙长轴向远中倾斜角度为2.5°，下颌中切牙位置无改变。

Methods CIT model with BIMⅡ Bioimpactor was used to observe the changes of the mean blood velocity,mean blood flow and the diameter of the inferior vena cava,abdominal aorta,superior mesenteric artery,hepatic artery,hepatic vein,portal veinand renal artery at preinjury,1h,4h,8h and 24h postinjury with Doppler echocardiography in 20 rabbits.

随机选取家兔20只，雌雄不限，采用BIMⅡ型生物撞击机致成CIT模型，分别在伤前、伤后1、4、8、24小时利用超声多谱勒检测下腔静脉、腹主动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肝动脉、肝静脉、门静脉和肾动脉平均血流速度、平均血流量和血管内径。

Evidence suggests that 1 under more stable stratification, the basic flow, if moving faster at low and high levels (particularly in the presence of jets there), allows a resulting meso-β unsteady wave to propagate eastward with respect to basic flow and even at greater velocity compared with it; 2 vertical windspeed shear of basic flow causes instabilities of the TWT perturbation; 3 considering the second derivative of basic-flow wind with respect to z (denoted by zz≠ 0 which is simply given as β* hereafter) the expression for the phase velocity of vortex Rossby wave is obtained, which is unidirectional in propagation with respect to basic flow; 4 VRoW has its physical origin from β*, i.e., from z-varying heterogeneities of y-direction averaged vorticity of the basic flow field; 5 VRoW phase velocity is associated with zonal wave number k, its energy is dispersive and the group velocity exists in the x direction; 6 when windspeed meets the condition of β*, TWT disturbance instability may be that of mixed VRoW and gravity wave; 7 if basic flow is subject to linear shear but does not meet the condition of β*, the TWT instability is that of inertia-gravity wave.

在大气层结比较稳定的情况下，如果基本气流在低层和高层较大(有可能存在低空急流和高空急流)，此时产生的β中尺度不稳定扰动相对于基流向东传播，甚至于快速向东传播。基本气流在垂直方向上的风速切变对于中尺度横波型的扰动起着不稳定的作用。如果考虑基流的二次切变，可以得到涡旋Rossby波的相速度表达式，涡旋Rossby波相对于基本气流是单向传播的。涡旋Rossby波产生的物理根源是基本流场的风速二次切变，亦即基本流场y方向的平均涡度在空间z方向上的不均匀所致。涡旋Rossby波的相速度与纬向波数也有关，它的能量是频散的，其在纬向x方向也存在群速度。在基本流场的风速存在二次切变时，横波型不稳定可能是混合的涡旋Rossby重力波的不稳定；而在基本流场的风速仅仅存在线性切变，不存在二次切变时，横波型扰动的不稳定则是重力惯性波的不稳定。

This paper discusses design and realizable methods of remote test output interface from logical design angle.

本文从逻辑设计的角度讨论遥测输出接口的设计及实现方法。

This also 星体投射plies to buildings, structures and geological features.

这也适用于建筑物和地质特征。