平均误差

The tried predicted results show that the absolute error of assembly average is 0.27‰,...

预报试验表明：预报的总体平均绝对误差为0.27‰，预报相对误差在18％左右，预报误差小于0.5‰的站数占总站数的85％，预报趋势与实测资料基本一致。

The LMD algorithm uses extrema to define the local mean and envelope, then to smooth the mean and envelope. To decrease errors in the smoothing process by using moving averaging, a new local mean and envelope definition method (the spline-based LMD) is proposed. The upper envelope and the lower envelope are obtained by connecting the local maxima and the local minima using a cubic spline line. The local mean is defined as a mean of the upper envelope and the lower envelope. A nonlinear simulation signal and a practical vibration signal are decomposed by the LMD and the spline-based LMD.

LMD算法用极值点来定义局部均值函数和局域包络函数，然后用滑动平均来平滑均值和包络函数，针对用滑动平均平滑均值和包络函数误差较大的缺点，提出了采用三次样条对上、下极值点分别插值求得上下包络线，然后由上下包络线的平均获得局部平均函数，由上下包络线相减的绝对值获得局部包络的方法。

With the evaluation, each group measuring value is considered as a single subsystem, and the minmax-difference, mean difference and the mean square value of each group are calculated. Then, the ratio of the mean difference to the measurement mean value is defined as the system-relatively error of subsystem and the ratio of the minmax difference to the measurement mean value is defined as the accidence-relatively error of the subsystem.

以每组为一个子系统，分别计算出每组的极差、平均差和标准差，然后定义平均差和测量平均值的比值为子系统的系统相对误差，定义极差和测量平均值的比值为子系统的偶然相对误差。

The result shows:(1) the value of R in situ is higher than 0.8, which is lower than that in lab;(2) the averaged value of relative error in spring tide is higher than that of in neap tide and the value is less than 15%.(3) the particle size is the main factor that influences the precision of OBS, while the biology, the color of particle and water, the air bubble in water have some effect on it.

主要结果有：(1)现场OBS标定R值比室内标定偏低，但也在0.8以上；(2)大潮平均相对误差值变化比小潮大，在悬沙浓度低于1.5kg/立方公尺条件下，大小潮悬沙浓度平均相对误差都在15%以下；(3)悬沙粒径大小是影响OBS观测精度的主要因素，生物、泥沙颜色、水色和水中气泡等因素也对观测结果产生一定影响。

First not taking the measurement error of covariates into account, we construct respectively structural regression models of lung function indices on the covariates. Then we use structural regression models with measurement error of multidimensional covariates to estimate synthetically the average effects of air pollution on lung function of preadolescent children.

先不考虑协变量—儿童年龄、身高、体重的测量误差，分别就儿童的各项肺功能指标对年龄、身高和体重建立结构回归模型；然后在协变量的测量误差分布相同和不同的假设下，分别建立各项肺功能指标对年龄、身高和体重的带有测量误差的结构回归模型，从而综合估计空气污染对儿童肺功能的平均影响效应。

Based on the interval hypothesis, statistical procedures were proposed and the methods for sample size determination are also given.

比较传统假设检定、区间假设检定等五种方法，以模拟的方式得到经验的整体型一错误、平均型一错误以及检定力模拟结果显示，区间假设可以有效的控制平均型I 误差在名目水准之下，且整体型一误差也比较低，检定力相较於使用Bonferroni修正来的好。

The structure formation factors S were calculated from 19 groups of experimental data of a new high strength toughness steel s on the basis of the empirical electrionic theory of solids and molecules, and 16 groups of which selected randomly were applied to train with BP network of artificial neural networks and other three groups were used to examine.

根据固体与分子经验电子理论计算了 19组新型高强韧钢的试验数据所对应的结构形成因子 S值，从中随机抽取 16组数据，应用人工神经网络的 BP结构进行训练，用其余 3组数据进行检验，其平均训练误差为 0 。8731%，平均检验误差为

Model predictions of forest biomass were successful, with the mean relative errors and the mean absolute of relative errors for needle-leaved, broad-leaved, and mixed forests being-1.47%, 2.38% and 3.56%, and 6.3%, 8.46% and 8.91%, respectively.

针叶林、阔叶林和针阔混交林的生物量遥感模型系统仿真结果的平均相对误差分别为-1.47%、2.38%和3.56%，平均相对误差绝对值分别为6.33%、8.46%和8.91%，预估效果较理想。

The retrievals are compared with the observed ones, as a result, the maximal relative error is 8.02%, the minimal is 0.70% and the average relative error is 4.5%, which shows that the reversions are believable.

反演结果与实测结果对比表明：最大相对误差为8.02%、最小相对误差为0.70%，平均相对误差为4.5%，反演结果可信。

Periodic fluid pulsation in aeroplane hydraulic piping could induce fluid-construction vibration and lead to fatigue damage. It is impossible to find the error sensor's optimization location because of the pressure standing wave, and the pulsation attenuation effect is not perfect when adopting pulsation attenuation at single point. For this reason, a distributed active control method of fluid pulsation was presented. To avoid stationary point in all aviation states, several fluid pulsation actuators and error pressure sensors were placed along the piping. The second fluid pulsation produced by actuators can counteract the primary pulsation brought by aviation piston pump and make the mean pulsation of whole piping minimum when adopting adaptive feed- forward control and the filtered-X least mean square algorithm.

针对飞机液压能源管路系统中的周期性流体脉动诱发流固耦合振动，导致管路疲劳损伤的问题，针对管路中存在压力驻波特性，在采用单点消振时寻找误差传感器最佳布局位置困难而引起脉动抑制效果不理想的缺点，提出了一种分布式流体脉动主动控制方法，即沿管路不同位置布置多个主动消振阀和误差压力传感器，在任意飞行阶段，避开压力驻波点，以误差压力传感器的脉动测量值为控制目标，采用一种针对周期脉动主动控制的自适应前馈控制法和多通道自适应滤波－X LMS算法，调整控制器参数，使主动消振器产生的次级脉动与管路中的初始脉动相互抵消，达到整个管路中的平均流体脉动最小的效果。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。