平均的

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

objective:to explore the effects of out cavity single slip knot technique in non titanium clip two hole method laparoscopic cholecystectomy.methods:to analyzed the clinical data of 62 patients underwent two hole method lc with out cavity single slip knot technique.results:all the operations were finished successfully without conversion.the mean operation time and hospitalization were 55 min and 4d respectively.conclusions:the two hole lc with out cavity single slip knot technique has the advantage of firm and reliable ligation,low operation expense,non titanium clip stay in the body,and avoiding of bile leakage due to titanium clip falling off.

目的：探讨腔外单滑结技术在无钛夹二孔法腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的效果。方法：应用腔外单滑结技术行二孔法lc 62例。结果：患者均行lc，无中转开腹，手术平均时间55min，平均住院4d。结论：无钛夹腔外单滑结法lc具有结扎可靠，手术费用低，并可消除因钛夹留置体内或夹闭不全造成脱落、胆漏等其他并发症。

Based on the famous -3/2 power rule, the equations were established on the relationship between density of stand and the mean diameter, mean basal area of individual and total basal area of stands in the process of the self-thinning of Pinus taiwanensis natural forest.

应用-3/2法则，建立黄山松天然林自然稀疏过程中林分密度与平均直径、平均木断面积、总断面积的相关关系。

Using the relative reflection as weighting factor, the weighted mean of the surface albedo over Dunhuang Gobi in typical arid region is calculated and its values are 0.255 ± 0.021. After canceling the interference of the buildings, the mean values of the roughness length averaged with logarithm is 0.0019 ± 0.00071 m. After removing the influence of the oasis, the soil wetness factor computed with data under condition of no precipitation is 0.0045. After removing the influence of the precipitation .the mean values of the soil heat capacity over Dunhuang Gobi in typical ac-id region is 112 × 10 ~6 m~(-3)K~(-1), a bit smaller than the values observed i n HEIFE. But the soil heat diffusivity and conductivity are about one of those observed in HEIFE. The soil water content over Dunhuang Gobi in typical synoptic condition is very little and does not exceed 1% basically.

并且利用相对反射为权重加权平均，计算得到典型干旱区敦煌荒漠戈壁的平均反射率为0.255±0.021；剔除建筑物干扰后，利用对数平均法计算的粗糙度长度平均值为0，0019±0.00071 m；剔除绿洲影响后，用无降水影响的资料确定出土壤湿度影响因子为0.0045；剔除降水影响后，用观测资料计算的敦煌典型干旱区荒漠戈壁的热容量平均值为1.12×10~6m~（－3）K~（－1），比&黑河试验&在戈壁和在其它沙漠观测的有关值略小一些，但热扩散率和热传导率都比&黑河试验&在戈壁观测的值小一倍左右；观测的敦煌戈壁典型天气条件下的土壤含水量非常小，基本上不超过1％。

Q.19 What is your Double Occupancy Factor?

问题19：全年每间客房的平均住客人数/平均密度（全年住客总人数除以全年出租客房间夜总数）？

Effect of ambient temperature, effective temperature and temperature-humidity index on rectal temperature, respiration rate, mean skin temperature and mean body temperature , respectively, were analyzed and the relationship between Tr, Tb and RR, mTs were studied to analyze thermoregulatory of dairy cows.

第一部分，探讨在高温期间，Ta、ET和THI对奶牛直肠温度、呼吸数、平均皮肤温度、平均体温的影响，再通过回归分析，检讨Tr和Tb与RR、mTS之间关系，剖析奶牛体温调节特性。

Good grief, Dutchmen now average — average — more than 6 feet.

天哪，荷兰人现在的平均身高是6英尺多——那仅仅是平均身高啊！

The results showed that CoPI films were amorphous state and their glass-transition temperatures T(subscript g and decomposition temperatures T(subscript d respectively occurred above 322℃ and 544℃. At the same time, the tensile strengths of CoPI films reached beyond 100MPa and breaking elongations were improved from 12% to 54%, but the average of tensile modulus was reduced by 29%. However, polyimide blends had about the same structures and properties with PMDA/ODA-polyimide.

结果表明，CoPI薄膜为非晶态结构，玻璃化转变温度和起始分解温度分别在322℃和544℃以上，断裂伸长率由12%平均提高到54%，拉伸强度均超过100MPa，但弹性模量平均降低了29%；共混PI的聚集态结构和性能与PMDA/ODA型PI相近。

The killing efficiency of 3000 MLD/g Type-C Botulinus neurotoxins particles and 0.1% Oats baits water were (91.14±0.17)% and (89.00±0.63)% after treatment for 6 days, respectively, and there was significant difference between two methods.

投饵后第6天3000 MLD/g C型肉毒杀鼠素饵粒处理组平均校正灭洞率为(91.14±0.17)%，0.1%的水剂处理组平均校正灭洞率为(89.00±0.63)%，二者灭效差异有统计学意义。

The average hospital stay was 10.0±9.8 days. The direct medical cost of nadroparin treatment for hospitalized patients was N.T.

结果：研究对象不管是使用nadroparin或heparin治疗深层静脉栓塞，平均一人住院治疗期间的直接医疗总花费为19，808.1±2，540.8元；平均住院天数为10.0±9.8天。

Lugalbanda was a god and shepherd king of Uruk where he was worshipped for over a thousand years.

Lugalbanda 是神和被崇拜了一千年多 Uruk古埃及喜克索王朝国王。

I am coming just now,' and went on perfuming himself with Hunut, then he came and sat.

我来只是现在，'歼灭战perfuming自己与胡努特，那麼，他来到和SAT 。