平均时间

4Based on a fact that the price formula of Asian options can be transformed into that of vanilla European option when the time to maturity is less than or equal to the length of average, we skillfully obtain the analytical price formula for the option on the minimum or the maximum of two geometric average prices and generalize it to obtain the price formula of several average prices for the first time. We also apply the method of [121], which approximates the arithmetic average by the geometric average, to the pricing of opitons on the minimum or the maximum of two arithmetic average prices to obtain Its approximated price formula. Numerical results show that the approximated price is relatively accurate when the riskless interest rate is large or the option is in the money and the volatility of two underlying assets are high and its accuracy is a little reduced but still good when the dividends are considered. However, it is hardly affected by the sampling number.

我们基于观察到的一个事实即当离到期时间小于或等于平均期间时亚洲期权的价格可变换成普通的欧式期权的价格，从而巧妙地得到了两个几何平均价格的最小或最大值期权价格的解析公式，通过简单地推广，首次得到了多个几何平均时的价格公式；将[121]用于算术平均亚洲期权的定价方法推广到两个算术平均价格的最小或最大值期权，从而得到它的渐进公式，数值结果表明：渐进价格的准确性在无风险利率较大或期权为实值且两标的资产的波动率较小时较好，抽样的个数对它没有影响，但考虑红利时它稍有下降但仍较好。

The best strength area of the consciousness ability various index signs of the development sport also does not fulfill same alike, among them the best strength area of the synthesize consciousness ability as average heart rate mostly at 125～145 times/ min, the best strength area of the elbow joint kinesthesia directions consciousness ability is an average heart rate mostly at 130～148 times/ min, the best strength area of the depth consciousness ability for average the heart rate mostly at 132～147 times/ min, the best strength area of time consciousness ability is an average heart rate mostly at 126～138 times/ of the min

3发展运动知觉能力各项指标的最佳强度区也不尽相同，其中综合知觉能力的最佳强度区为平均心率大致在125～145次/min，肘关节动觉方位知觉能力的最佳强度区为平均心率大致在130～148次/min，深度知觉能力的最佳强度区为平均心率大致在132～147次/min，时间知觉能力的最佳强度区为平均心率大致在126～138次/min之间。

Finally this paper simulates GaAs material including the average energy, velocity, and time occupation rate in different energy valley of it. And this paper simulates GaAs diode including the average energy, velocity, and the mean free path of it, and derives the thermal conductivity from the simulation result of it.

最后，使用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了GaAs材料的平均速率、平均能量以及载流子在不同能谷中的时间占有率，GaAs二极管的平均能量、平均速率以及平均自由程并推导出了其热导率。

Aim:Diagnoses about treatment effect of Chinese traditional medicine's outside apply with general therapy about recidivity purpuric nephropathy.

紫癜腎是过敏性紫癜引起肾炎的简称，本文回顾分析我院自2006~2007年收治用中药外敷加一般治疗的紫癜腎患者72例，，现将临床观察报告如下：男42例女30例年龄4—54岁（平均23岁），病程2个月—13年，平均发病25个月，住院天数3—41天，平均21.5天。病情好转时间：4~33天，平均16天。

The authors discuss a new numerical simulation method of the downburst wind loads on the basis of the previous research. Firstly, the wind speed is expressed as the sum of an instantaneous mean wind speed and an amplitude-modulating non-stationary fluctuating wind speed. Secondly, a new method based on the modified Osegguera and Bowles/Vicroy model to simulate the mean wind is presented and the fluctuating wind is simulated by a modified spectral representation method.

在将下击暴流风速表达为时变的平均风速和调制的非平稳脉动风速之和的前提下，本文采用基于改进的OBV模型Oseguera and Bowles/Vi-croy(OBV的方法来模拟平均风速，其平均风速直接由改进的OBV模型表达，而不同于已往研究中将平均风速表达为竖向风剖面与时间函数的乘积，并采用结合快速傅里叶变化的谐波叠加法来模拟调制的非平稳脉动风速。

Three kinds of BCRC No.51534, 10322 and 10675 would be selected and acted as an experimental sample of Escherichia coli. Results shows that Escherichia coli of No.51534 will appear better performance because the maximum of open circuit voltage, closed current and power density are 1.01V, 22mA and 1342mW/m2, respectively. Concerning the effect of culture time with respect to different phase type on the electricity performance of MFCs, the time points on the intersection between lag phase and logarithmic phase, the middle of point of stationary phase for growth curve of Escherichia coli would appear a good performance of MFCs. In addition, the BCRC No. 51534 Escherichia coli possessing a better performance of MFCs than others would be suggested and applied to further studying. Comparison with the performance of MFCs with respect to electron mediator under different mole number, result shows that electron mediator of methylene blue with 4.63mM would appear a better electricity performance of MFCs than others. Concerning the different material of proton exchange membrane with PTFE-Nafion, Nafion 211, 212 and 117 with respect to the performance of MFCs, result shows that the Nafion 117 applied in MFCs will have a better performance of MFCs than other cases. Finally, the effect of molar concentration on the performance of MFCs would be expected at the studied cases of 0.4M, 0.2M, 0.1M and 0.05M respectively for cathode oxidant, result shows that a good performance of MFCs will happen at the condition of 0.2M. Those observations will be useful to improvement of MFCs in the further study.

於上述电池系统条件下，进行大肠杆菌生长曲线、电子传递介质、质子交换膜、电极与阴极氧化剂对电池电性效能分析；选择编号10322、10675与51534之大肠杆菌为实验菌株，依定量培养之生长曲线取出代表不同时生长特性时期的培养时间，利用亚甲基蓝作为电子传递介质进行实验分析从所测得的电量进行分析，以编号51534之大肠杆菌的微生物燃料电池有最大的开路电压为1.01V及最大闭路电流为22mA；当极化曲线中电压为0.47V、电流为11.4 mA时有最大的功率密度为1342 mW/m2；加以负载有平均工作功率密度294 mW/m2；从生长曲线与电性效能来分析，得知生长曲线的迟滞期与对数期的转变点与静止期的中间点有最佳电性效能表现；对於加入不同莫耳数之电子传递介质methylene blue、neutral red与thionine之电池效能表现，则以加入4.63mM methylene blue电子传递介质的电池有较佳平均功率密度230 mW/m2；另对於质子交换膜PTFE-Nafion、Nafion 211、Nafion 212与Nafion 117之电池效能表现，以Nafion 117质子交换膜的电池有较佳平均功率密度340 mW/m2；对於分析加入不同莫耳数浓度0.4M、0.2M、0.1M与0.05M的阴极氧化剂之电池效能，则以0.2M的阴极氧化剂的电池可得到较佳平均功率密度429 mW/m2。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

The average kill rate against natural bacteria on kitchenware, such as table top, chopping block, knife, cupboard, porcelain bowl and the surface of refreshing box of the refrigerator were all above 0.972 0 when cleaning and polishing with vinegar solution for 10 min.

结果 不同浓度的食醋溶液作用不同时间对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的杀灭效果不同，浓度越大、作用时间越长杀菌效果越好（F=6.89～156.83，P.05）；对手自然菌作用2 min，平均杀灭率为0.991 5±0.003 2；对厨房内台面、砧板、菜刀、碗柜、瓷碗、冰箱保鲜室表面擦拭消毒10 min，对自然菌的平均杀灭率在0.972 0以上；对室内空气自然菌的杀灭率随熏蒸时间的延长而提高（F=121 2.13、502 4.46，P.05），当室内有人时，杀灭率有所降低（t=5.08～30.48，P.05）；置于54 ℃恒温箱（相对湿度≥0.75）存放14 d，醋酸总含量下降

Results Different concentrations of vinegar with different disinfection duration showed significantly different bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus, Escherichia and Candida albicans (F=6.89~156.83, P.05). The effect was better along with higher concentration and longer duration. The average kill rate against natural bacteria on hands was 0.9915±0.0032 after exposed to vinegar solution for 2 min. The average kill rate against natural bacteria on kitchenware, such as table top, chopping block, knife, cupboard, porcelain bowl and the surface of refreshing box of the refrigerator were all above 0.9720 when cleaning and polishing with vinegar solution for 10min. The bactericidal efficacy of vinegar against natural bacteria in room air was enhanced with fumigating duration prolonged (F=1212.13, 5024.46; P.05), while lowered when there were persons in it (t=5.08-30.48, P.05). The content of acetic acid in vinegar dropped by 8.372 g/L when it was stored at 54℃(relative humidity 0.75) for 14 days.

结果 不同浓度的食醋溶液作用不同时间对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌的杀灭效果不同，浓度越大、作用时间越长杀菌效果越好(F=6.89~156.83，P.05)；对手自然菌作用2min，平均杀灭率为0.9915±0.0032；对厨房内台面、砧板、菜刀、碗柜、瓷碗、冰箱保鲜室表面擦拭消毒10min，对自然菌的平均杀灭率在0.9720以上；对室内空气自然菌的杀灭率随熏蒸时间的延长而提高(F=1212.13、5024.46，P.05)，当室内有人时，杀灭率有所降低(t=5.08~30.48，P.05)；置于54℃恒温箱（相对湿度≥0.75）存放14d，醋酸总含量下降

The results show that a the variation of annual mean runoff of Huayuankou section exist an intrinsic dynamic mechanism, which is the results of joint action of affecting factor of periodicity and non-periodicity, having obvious chaos characteristic; b the correlation dimension of attractor of phase space is 5.09 and saturation inserted dimension is 14. It shows that to establish a mathematical model of the annual mean runoff system of Huayuankou at least requires 6 independent variables and the required saturation inserted dimension for rebuilding phase space is 14; c the steady estimate of Kolmogorov entropy is 0.14, showing the average predictable time of the annual mean runoff variation of Huayuankou is about 7 years and; d using nonlinear deterministic chaos model is more suitable to describe the variation of annual mean runoff of Huayuankou.

结果表明：①花园口年平均径流量变化存在着内在动力学机制，是由周期性和非周期性影响因子共同作用的结果，具有明显的混沌特性；②相空间吸引子的关联维为5.09，饱和嵌入维数为14，这说明要建立花园口年平均径流系统的数学模型，至少需要6个独立变量，重构相空间所需要的饱和嵌入维数为14；③Kolmogorov熵的稳定估计为0.14，说明花园口年平均径流量变化的平均可预报时间大约为7年；④用非线性确定性的混沌模型比完全的随机模型更适于描述黄河花园口年平均径流量的变化。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。