平均时间

Material and Methods:From March,2008 to January,2009,250 patients(146 Males and 104 Females,ranged from 18 to 82 years old,mean age was 48 years old) enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College were performed dual energy scan(Group A,200 patients) and Neuro-DSA scan(Group B,50 patients) using DSCT.The patients were randomly divided into Group A and Group B.Regarding to the justification of scan protocol,100 patients in Group A were selected as sub-group to explore the scan protocol.The image quality Was analyzed both in four categories(4.0/60、4.5/60、4.0/70、4.5/70) of flow rate and total amount of contrast-enhanced material and in three categories(100—150HU、150—200HU、200-250HU) of CT value of left common carotid artery.The comparison of two scan approach was based on image quality,radiation does, postprocessing methods,time of scanning and subtraction and data storage amount.To validate the diagnostic capability of DE-CTA virtual unenhanced images,100 patients in Group A were undergoing head scan both in routine non-contrast program and DE-CTA virtual unenhanced program.Mean CT values,signal-to-noise ratio,image quality,sensitivity of lesion identification,and radiation does were applied to comparison.According to diagnostic results of dual energy of cerebral arterial angiography,62 patients out of 200 patients in Group A were confirmed with cerebral vessel lesions,the results were complied with DSA findings(the time between the two methods were within 1 week).

材料与方法收集2008年3月到2009年1月间在昆明医学院第一附属医院行DSCT CTA检查者250例(男性146例，女性104例，年龄范围18-82岁，平均48岁)，随机分为A、B两组，A组200例行双能量头颅CTA扫描；B组50例行Neuro-DSA扫描。A组前100例按对比剂不同流率和总量分为4组(4.0/60、4.5/60、4.0/70、4.5/70)对图像质量比较；按触发时左颈总动脉内平均CT位分3组(100—150HU、150—200HU、200-250HU)，比较图像质量的差异；对A、B两组血管图像质量、辐射剂量、后处理的方法、扫描和后处理时间及数据的容量进行比较分析；A组中前100例行常规与DE-CTA虚拟平扫的平均CT值、信号噪声比、图像质量、病灶显示情况、辐射剂量的比较分析；A组中行DSA检查62例(两种方法间隔时间均1周内)，比较两种检查方法诊断结果是否符合，并对其中24例动脉瘤行动脉瘤部位、数目、形态、瘤颈显示程度、瘤颈大小及瘤体长径和短径的比较研究。

After antituberculotic treatment for 6 months.The rates of sputum coversion of group 1,group 2 and group 3 were 76.92%,94.79% and 100% respectively.The mean sputum coversion time of group 1,group 2 and group 3 were 12.46 weeks 5.0 weeks and 3.0 weeks respectively and the rates of focus absorption of group 1 ,group 2 and group 3 were 61.54%. 86.46% and 100% respectively.

经过6个月抗痨治疗后，Ⅰ组痰菌转阴率为76.92%，平均转阴时间为12.46周，病人疗程结束时，肺内病灶X线吸收占61.54%；Ⅱ组痰菌转阴率为94.79%，平均转阴时间为5.0周，病人疗程结束时，肺内病灶X线吸收占86.46%；Ⅲ组痰菌转阴率为100%，平均转阴时间为3.0周，病人疗程结束时，肺内病灶X线吸收占100%。

Results:according to the outcome of test,168 cases with new bacteriological positive ptb were divided into negative reaction group(group 1),positive reaction group (group 2)and strong positive reaction group(group 3).after antituberculotic treatment for 6 months.the rates of sputum coversion of group 1,group 2 and group 3 were 76.92%,94.79% and 100% respectively.the mean sputum coversion time of group 1,group 2 and group 3 were 12.46 weeks 5.0 weeks and 3.0 weeks respectively and the rates of focus absorption of group 1 ,group 2 and group 3 were 61.54%.

结果：168例痰菌阳性初治的结核病患者，根据ppd试验的结果分为阴性组，阳性组，强阳性组。经过6个月抗痨治疗后，ⅰ组痰菌转阴率为76.92%，平均转阴时间为12.46周，病人疗程结束时，肺内病灶x线吸收占61.54%；ⅱ组痰菌转阴率为94.79%，平均转阴时间为5.0周，病人疗程结束时，肺内病灶x线吸收占86.46%；ⅲ组痰菌转阴率为100%，平均转阴时间为3.0周，病人疗程结束时，肺内病灶x线吸收占100%。

The results showed: Fragilaria brevistriata had the highest average difference in temperature to respond to heavy metals, it was 0.24 ℃ that was 0.05 ℃ high more 0.19 ℃ of together average difference in temperature of eight kinds of algae to respond to heavy metals; The percent of Fragilaria brevistriata responding better to the reagents was 80% that was the highest in eight kinds of algae; The average response time of Fragilaria brevistriata responding to the reagents was 4.65 min that was low more 5.21 min of together average response time of eight kinds of algae; Fragilaria brevistriata' sensitivity was between 0.06 mgL^(-1) and 7.0 mgL^(-1), and the luminescent bacteria' sensitivity was between 0.07 mgL^(-1) and 15.3 mgL^(-1), so Fragilaria brevistriata had lower dose to respond to the heavy metals.

结果表明：平均响应温差短线脆杆藻最大，为0.24℃，高出8种藻的0.19℃总平均温差0.05℃；较好药品响应率短线脆杆藻最高，为80%；平均响应时间短线脆杆藻居中，为4.65min，低于8种藻的总平均响应时间5.21min；短线脆杆藻对重金属的灵敏度在0.06~7.0mgL^(-1)之间，发光细菌在0.07~15.3mgL^(-1)之间，表明短线脆杆藻对重金属响应的剂量低。

The average operative time was 80 minutes, average retention time of nephrostomy tube was 4 days, and average hospitalization duration was 6 days.

平均手术时间80min，肾造瘘管留置时间平均4d，术后平均住院时间6d.2例术后出血经介入栓塞治愈。

Results 128 patients were successfully treated by transvaginal surgery, without anyone tranformed to ventrotomy, and any trauma of proximate organs, such as bladder, rectum, in which there were 52 cases of total hysterectomy, 76 cases of myoma removal with 486 myomas removed. The avarage time of surgion was 68 minutes (56~112 minutes), that of gastrointestinal function was 23 hours (11~35 hours), that of hospitalization was 7.1 days (6~8 days).

结果 128例病人全部经阴道手术成功，无1例中转开腹，无邻近脏器损伤，其中，完成子宫切除术52例，施行肌瘤剔除术76例，共剔除肌瘤486枚，手术时间平均68min(56~112min)，术后经过均良好，胃肠功能恢复时间平均23h(11~35h)，无1例感染，住院时间平均为7.1d(6~8d)。

objective to evaluate efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyfor treating ureteral stones in situ,investigate the cause of higher re-treatment rate.methods total of 687 patients with ureteral stone were received eswl between january 2000 and december 2004,included 455 male(66.2%) and 232 female(33.8%) patients,6 cases have bilateral ureteral calculi,12 cases have unilateral multiple calculi.hence,together 709 ureteral calculi were treated.patients upper ureteral calculi were treated in the supine position,for lower ureteral calculi patients were turned prone.to reduce eswl-induced renal trauma and pain,using lower energy source,adjusted power setting from 9.8 to 13.2kv,limited 1500 shock wavs per one session.no auxiliary procedure were used before eswl.the stone size was measured as the surface area of stone length by stone width on x-ray film.the interval between two treatment sessions was two weeks.results of 709 ureteral calculi,the overall stone free rate was 97.3%(690 calculi),re-treatment rate was 34.1%(292 calculi).according to the performed treatment sessions,one session 467 calculi,the mean stone size 37.27mm2,stone free rate 65.4%(464 calculi).two sessions 138 calculi,the mean stone size 62.48mm2,stone free rate 18.4%(131calculi).three sessions 52 calculi,the mean stone size 79.60mm2,stone free rate 7.1%(50calculi).four sessions 19 calculi,the mean stone size 101.63mm2,stone free rate 2.4%(17calculi).fivesessions 33 calculi,the mean stone size 119.33mm2,stone free rate 3.9%(28 calculi).overall 19 cases(2.7%)turned to other treatment modalities.of 335 upper ureteral calculi,303 achieved stone free (95.8%),re-treatment rate was 38.5%(129 calculi).of 374 lower ureteral calculi,369 achieved stone free(98.7%),re-treatment rate was 30.2%(113 calculi).the re-treatment rate of upper ureteral calculi was higher than lower ureteral calculi(p＜0.05,χ2=5.40).the difference of stone-free rate between upper and lower ureteral calculi was no significant(p＞0.05,χ2=0.15).conclusion eswl should be considered first line therapy for ureteral stone still.stone burden are the main variable of higher re-treatment rate,upper ureteral stone may moving with respiring during eswl.so efficinet shock wave was decreared,re-treatment rate become higher.

目的 评估体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效，探讨再治疗率高的原因及输尿管结石的治疗选择。方法回顾2000年1月～2004年12月间eswl治疗输尿管结石的临床资料687例，男455例（66.2%），女232例（33.8%），平均年龄46.6岁（15～83岁）。有双侧输尿管结石6例，单侧多发性输尿管结石12例（4颗1例，3颗2例，2颗9例），共计输尿管结石709颗（含透光结石13颗）。应用上海爱申公司生产的desunit6030型碎石机，c臂x线球管做结石定位。上段输尿管结石（肾盂输尿管交界处至骶髂关节上缘）取仰卧位，下段输尿管结石（骶髂关节上缘下至输尿管口）取俯卧位。为减少eswl引起的肾损伤和疼痛，应用较低的能量，震波发生器电压从9.8～13.2kv，震波频率1.5s。每次治疗设定为1500次震波。治疗后3天摄腹部平片或b超，以后每隔7日重复检查。假如结石未碎或有残留结石最长径＞3mm以上，再次eswl，两次治疗的间隔时间为两周。结石的大小用x线片上的表面积（mm2表示。结果 709颗输尿管结石总的治愈率为97.3%（690颗），再治疗率34.1%（242颗）。其中一次治疗467颗，平均结石大小37.27mm2，治愈464颗（65.4%），3颗改治疗；两次治疗138颗，平均结石大小62.48mm2，治愈131颗（18.5%），7颗改治疗；第1和第2次治疗治愈率（1个月治愈率）为83.8%。3次治疗52颗，平均结石大小79.60mm2，治愈50颗（7.1%），2颗改治疗；4次治疗19颗，平均结石大小101.63mm2，治愈17颗（2.4%），2颗改治疗；5次及5次以上治疗33颗，平均结石大小119.33mm2，治愈28颗（3.9%），5颗改治疗。总计19颗（2.7%）结石改变治疗方式。上段输尿管结石335颗，治愈321颗（95.8%），再治疗129颗（38.5%）。下段输尿管结石374颗，治愈369颗（98.7%），再治疗113颗（30.2%）。经χ2检验，上、下段输尿管结石的再治疗率差异有显著性（χ2=5.40，p＜0.05），治愈率差异无显著性（χ2=0.15，p＞0.05）。不良反应：血压升高13例（1.9%），震波区域疼痛26例（3.8%），震波进入处皮肤点状淤血33例（4.8%），肉眼血尿128例（18.6%），均于第2、3天自行消失。结论 eswl目前仍是输尿管结石的第一线治疗，结石的大小是再治疗率高的主要因素。结石的位置有影响，上段输尿管结石可随呼吸移动，有效震波次数减少，再治疗率比下段输尿管结石高。eswl前注重病例筛选可降低再治疗率。

Results All of the tumor was exsected successfully, the average inosculating time was 28 min and average total operation time was 132 min. The postoperative complications was few and no anastomotic stoma fistula, anastomotic stoma narrow, stomal ulcer or chest gastric emptying block was occurred. The average length of stay after operation was 9.7 days.

结果 肿瘤均顺利切除，平均管状胃吻合成形时间28min，平均总手术时间132 min；术后并发症少，无吻合口屡或狭窄、吻合口溃疡、反流性食管炎及胸胃排空障碍发生；术后平均住院时间9.7d。

7 senior high school judoists volunteered to participate this study (male: 5, female: 2, age: 15.88±0.78 yrs, height: 167.13±3.62 cm, weight: 59.88±4.73 kg, training experience: 5±1.67 yrs). The blood samples were collected at resting, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 10th minute after the special test and one match. Besides, refer to the time of the match and maximal lactate.

本研究以7名高中柔道选手为对象（男性选手5名、性选手2名，平均龄15.88±0.78岁，平均身高167.13±3.62公分，平均体重59.88±4.73公斤，平均训龄为5±1.67）进赛前的专项检测与比赛检测，以耳垂采血方式进乳酸分析，其采血时间点为安静值及运动结束后的第1、3、5、7、10分钟；此外，记每一位受试者正式比赛时间，与赛后乳酸最大值进对照。

Specific for, the service level of Hotel3 is best, its are average the service level that serve time is 3 minutes of;hotel2 about only next, its are average the service standard that serve time is 8.7 minutes of;hotel1 about is the wrongest, its are average serve time is 14 minutes about unexpectedly.

具体来说，hotel3的服务水平最好，其平均服务时间仅约为3.0分钟；hotel2的服务水平其次，其平均服务时间约为8.7分钟；hotel1的服务水平最差，其平均服务时间竟约为14.0分钟。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。