平均地

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

The dynamic changes in community height, coverage, abundance, above ground biomass and plant diversity in Stipa bungeana typical steppe was investigated by a quadrat method. There were six treatments: Unexclosure, 5-year old exclosure (5 a), 10-year old exclosure (10 a), 15-year old exclosure (15 a), 20-year old exclosure (20 a), and 25-year old exclosure (25 a) plots.

采用样方法对云雾山干草原区本氏针茅草地群落进行长期定位监测，对未封育样地和封育5，10，15，20和25年样地群落的平均高度、盖度、多度和地上生物量以及植物多样性进行实地调查分析，以研究围栏封育对草地植物群落特征动态变化的影响。

The impacts on the diameter levels V and VI were indicated as abnormal increase of survivorship, negative values of mortality and decrease of mean life expectance whereas the impacts on the diameter levels III and IV were opposite to the levels V and VI. The survivorship curve of the Quercus variabilis population was fit with Deevey II.

静态生命表分析较好地反映出栓皮栎种群生长历史中的消长过程，清楚地透视出20年前坑木择伐对种群动态的长期影响，即径级V和VI（直径8~12 cm）存活株数异常增加、存活率提高、死亡数和死亡率出现负值以及平均期望寿命降低；而相应地对径级III 和IV带来与径级V 和VI相反的作用。

The index of average density spatial energy relative time-space cosmic energy follow the rise and fall of quantum spatial measurement, at original cosmic time-space set out, from 1 come to do not exceed 2, not smaller 4/3, come to do not symmetrically gradually belong to stabilization thus at reductively fluctuate, not can reversely strides across reach 3/2 that stable state maintain unchanging.

宇宙能量的相对时空空间的能量平均密度指数随宇称量子的涨与落，在原初的宇宙时空启动，从1成不大于2，不小于4/3，成不对称地递归于稳定而在缩小地波动，不可逆地跨越到3/2的稳定状态保持不变。

With comparing the reference values of the sensor-level, the Averaged Root Mean Square Error of position, velocity, and acceleration were found about 77.08%, 60.10%, and 32.31% improved. Also, the performance indexes of position, velocity, and acceleration with the local-processor were found to be larger (about 47.91%, 30.33%, and 12.71%) than with the global-processor, respectively.

经蒙地卡罗电脑模拟结果，验证所采用的联邦α-β-γ滤波器，可减少计算量的负荷，提升滤波器的运算速度，且在全域处理器中使用之资讯融合演算法，无论在位置、速度及加速度之估算误差收歛上，均有优异的性能，相较於感测器层平均效能分别提升了约77.08%、60.10%及32.31%；相较於区域处理器层平均效能分别提升了约47.91%、30.33%及12.71%，验证本研究所提出之资讯融合演算法，可明显改善追踪精确度。

In this paper, effects of atmospheric factors to Ka-Band earth-space links are analyzed, and the total fade distribution function is derived. With the scintillation prediction model, monthly averaged standard deviations and monthly percentage time averaged fade of scintillations for some of referential earth stations of our country are computed.

摘要本文分析了各气象因素对Ka-波段地空链路衰减特性的影响，得出了链路综合衰减分布函数，利用闪烁猜测模型计算了全国各参考站点的闪烁月平均标准偏差和月百分比时间平均衰减值。

In this paper, effects of atmospheric factors to ka-band earth-space links are analyzed, and the total fade distribution function is derived. with the scintillation prediction model, monthly averaged standard deviations and monthly percentage time averaged fade of scintillations for some of referential earth stations of our country are computed.

本文分析了各气象因素对ka-波段地空链路衰减特性的影响，得出了链路综合衰减分布函数，利用闪烁预测模型计算了全国各参考站点的闪烁月平均标准偏差和月百分比时间平均衰减值。

In this paper, effects of atmospheric factors to Ka-Band earth-space links are analyzed, and the total fade distribution function is derived. With the scintillation prediction model, monthly averaged standard deviations and monthly percentage time averaged fade of scintillations for some of referential earth stations of our country are computed.

摘要本文了各气象因素对Ka-波段地空链路衰减特性的，得出了链路综合衰减分布函数，利用闪烁预测模型了全国各站点的闪烁月平均标准偏差和月百分比时间平均衰减值。

With the scintillation prediction model, monthly averaged standard deviations and monthly percentage time averaged fade of scintillations for some of referential earth stations of our country are computed.

本文分析了各气象因素对Ka-波段地空链路衰减特性的影响，得出了链路综合衰减分布函数，利用闪烁预测模型计算了全国各参考站点的闪烁月平均标准偏差和月百分比时间平均衰减值。

In the past several years the poor and lower-middle peasants in our brigade under the guidance of the Party's basic line and following the important policy of "taking grain as the key link and ensure an all-round development",won good harvest of grain and tobacco year after year.In 1974,promoted by the move- ment to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius,we broke down fetishes and supersti- tions,and went in for innovations and creations in a big way.

我大队贫下中农以党的基本路线为纲，几年来深入贯彻&以粮为纲，全面发展&的方针，粮烟连年丰收。1974年，在批林批孔运动的推动下，破除迷信，搞创新，试验成功&环剥促芽&培育二茬烟的新方法。1974年，101亩粮食平均亩产1027斤，20亩烟地，平均亩产烟叶1024斤。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。