平均

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

Clau (5, 10, 20〓) was bound to rat plasma a greater extent than clau, while in rabbit plasma the reverse was the case. By Scatchard plots using bovine serum albumin, clau had a higher equilibrium constant and the greater numbers of binding sites than its antipode.

在与大鼠血浆蛋白的结合中，clau的结合率平均为28.37±0.31（n=3，三个剂量5，10，20μM），clau的结合率平均为38.05±2.61（n=3），clau结合率低于clau；而在与兔血浆蛋白的结合中，clau的结合率平均为47.21±4.91（n=3，三个剂量），clau的结合率平均为41.43±5.21（n=3），clau的结合率略高于clau；在与牛血清白蛋白的结合中，clau的结合率也高于clau，立体选择方向与兔血浆蛋白结合相同，而与大鼠血浆蛋白结合相反，提示存在种属差异；在与系列浓度的牛血清白蛋白结合中，通过Scatchard作图法求得蛋白结合点数和平衡常数；在clau，N和K分别为90.02±35.76和5.326±1.196（n=4）；在clau，N和K分别为59.92±20.39和4.203±1.250（n=4），两者的比值分别为1.50和1.27；进一步说明clau对映体的蛋白结合存在立体选择性差异。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

Stage I of both male and female stone flounder appears only once in all its life, and the germ cells are comprised by spermatogonia or oogonia. The gonad from Mar to Aug keeps at stage II. The gonad index of testis at this stage is 0.037%, and the amount of spermatogonia is increased quickly. There is some linear germ plasm in the cytoplasm of spermatogina. In ovary at this stage it is mostly composed by oocyte of phase 2 which the character is the appearance of yolk nucleus, and no zona radiate in membrane. The mean GI of ovary is 1.95%. From Sep to Oct gonad is at stage III which testis is composed by lots of spermatogina and few spermatocytes, and the mean GI of testis at this stage is 0.086%. In ovary the ooctyes at phase 3 are in dominate position, the yolk nucleus disappear. And the GI of this stage is 3.35%. Both testis and ovary are at stage IV in Nov. hi testis the germ cells are in spermiogenesis, and the mean GI is 0.93%. hi ovary the oocytes are mostly at phase 4, which are filled in the cytoplasm with vitellin granule, and the zona radiate in membrane begins to formation. Nucleus moves to one side of the oocyte gradually. The mean GI of ovary at this stage is 9.37%.

在每年的3月-8月期间性腺处于Ⅱ期，此期精巢中精原细胞明显增多，胞质局部可见有线状的生殖质存在，平均成熟系数为0.037％；卵巢中以2时相卵母细胞为主，可见细胞质中出现强嗜碱性的卵黄核，细胞外由一层滤泡细胞包围，但尚无放射带，平均成熟系数为1.95％。9月-10月期间性腺处于Ⅲ期，此期精巢中仍有大量精原细胞，同时可见部分精母细胞，平均成熟系数为0.086％；卵巢中以3时石鲜孟加限加$玩印面n洲匆s性腺发生、分化及发育的周年变化相卵母细胞为主，细胞质中的卵黄核己消失，平均成熟系数为3.35%。11月性腺处于IV期，此期精巢内精细胞正处于不同的形成过程中，平均成熟系数为0.93%；卵巢中以4时相卵母细胞为主，胞质中充满染成桔红色的卵黄颗粒。

The players in different positions have different action combinations in the match. The action combination group is made of different action combination. The players, body action in the match is mostly reflected by action combinations.3. The setter has the most average HR among the match in our excellent men volleyball players. The HR is 143 times every minutes; the assistant spikier,s HR is 136.5 times every minutes; the spikier,s HR is 127 times every minutes; the assistant setters HR is 121.5 times every minutes; and the libero,s HR is 136.5 times every minutes.4. There are some questions in the exercise on specialized physical constitution of our men and women volleyball players. The questions are: the principle about the wholly exercise is not clearly bodied; the exercises are not perfectly coincided the position distinguishing; the exercises of specialized physical constitution are not prominent; the content about the exercises of specialized physical constitution is not like the match.5. The excellent volleyball players in different positions have the different demands on the specialized physical constitution.

不同位置运动员在比赛中表现出的动作组合形式不同，不同的动作组合之间相结合又形成了不同的动作组合集，运动员在比赛中的身体活动主要是以动作组合集的形式表现出来的。3我国优秀男子排球运动员，在一场比赛中，二传的平均心率最高，为143次/分；副攻平均心率为136.5次/分；主攻的平均心率为127次/分；接应二传的平均心率为121.5次/分；自由人的平均心率为109.5次/分。4目前我国国家男排和女排运动员专项身体素质训练还存在一些问题，主要体现在四个方面：1、专项身体素质训练整体性原则体现不足2、没有很好地结合排球运动员专项身体素质的位置特征3、专项身体素质训练重点不突出4、专项身体素质训练内容不贴近比赛实际。5不同位置优秀排球运动员对专项身体素质的发展要求不同，或者说排球运动员专项身体素质具有位置特征。

In the first stage, when environment temperature arrived to 37.5℃, Ta of A and B dairy barn was 35.5 and 36.7℃, respectively. And at the same time Tr was higher than 39.5℃. Specially, the high yield dairy in A barn raised to 41 ℃ at 22:00 and RR was 90/min, the RR of low yield dairy was 65/min at this time. mTs was 37.6℃ at 15:00. In the third stage, Ta of the barn was higher than outside when outside Ta was lower than 27.6℃. When the ambient temperature was lower than 28℃, the Tr of low yield dairy was between 38.5 and 39℃; if the Ta was down to 24℃, Tr of high yield dairy was lower than 39℃.

第一阶段，舍外Ta平均达37.5℃时，A、B舍内Ta分别为35.5和36.7℃，此时Tr达到39.5℃以上，尤以A舍内高产奶牛22：00最高，平均达41℃；第一阶段平均RR在65次/min以上，高产奶牛在22：00、低产奶牛在15：00最高，分别为94和95.9次/min；平均mTs高产奶牛在15：00高达37.6℃；第三阶段，舍外平均Ta在15：00最高为27.6℃时，此阶段舍内Ta均高于舍外。

Cases treated by incision and thread drawing with 1 recurred(average healing time 20.22±5.24 days); 32 cases by incision suture plus internal opening drainage with 3 recurred(average healing time 22.84±6.66 days); 34 cases by fistulectomy and primary suture with 5 recurred( average healing time 25.56 ±7.51 days);32 cases by fistulotomy with 6 recurred(average healing time 30.43±10.72 days).

结果：随访5～10个月(平均7 2个月)，切开挂线术37例，复发1例，平均愈合时间(20 22±5 24)d；切缝内口引流术32例，复发3例，平均愈合时间(22 84±6 66)d；瘘管摘除缝合术34例，复发5例，平均愈合时间(25 56±7 51)d；瘘管旷置术32例，复发6例，平均愈合时间(30 43±10 72)d。

Cases treated by incision and thread drawing with 1 recurred(average healing time 20.22±5.24 days); 32 cases by incision suture plus internal opening drainage with 3 recurred(average healing time 22.84±6.66 days); 34 cases by fistulectomy and primary suture with 5 recurred( average healing time 25.56 ±7.51 days);32 cases by fistulotomy with 6 recurred(average healing time 30.43±10.72 days).conclusion:low complex anal fistula usually can be treated by incision suture plus interal opening drainage or fistulectomy and primary suture, and high complex anal fistula by incision and thread drawing or fistulotomy.

结果：随访5～10个月(平均7 2个月)，切开挂线术37例，复发1例，平均愈合时间(20 22±5 24)d；切缝内口引流术32例，复发3例，平均愈合时间(22 84±6 66)d；瘘管摘除缝合术34例，复发5例，平均愈合时间(25 56±7 51)d；瘘管旷置术32例，复发6例，平均愈合时间(30 43±10 72)d。结论：低位复杂性肛瘘多采用切缝内口引流术、瘘管摘除缝合术；高位复杂性肛瘘多采用切开挂线术、瘘管旷置术。

The results show that a the variation of annual mean runoff of Huayuankou section exist an intrinsic dynamic mechanism, which is the results of joint action of affecting factor of periodicity and non-periodicity, having obvious chaos characteristic; b the correlation dimension of attractor of phase space is 5.09 and saturation inserted dimension is 14. It shows that to establish a mathematical model of the annual mean runoff system of Huayuankou at least requires 6 independent variables and the required saturation inserted dimension for rebuilding phase space is 14; c the steady estimate of Kolmogorov entropy is 0.14, showing the average predictable time of the annual mean runoff variation of Huayuankou is about 7 years and; d using nonlinear deterministic chaos model is more suitable to describe the variation of annual mean runoff of Huayuankou.

结果表明：①花园口年平均径流量变化存在着内在动力学机制，是由周期性和非周期性影响因子共同作用的结果，具有明显的混沌特性；②相空间吸引子的关联维为5.09，饱和嵌入维数为14，这说明要建立花园口年平均径流系统的数学模型，至少需要6个独立变量，重构相空间所需要的饱和嵌入维数为14；③Kolmogorov熵的稳定估计为0.14，说明花园口年平均径流量变化的平均可预报时间大约为7年；④用非线性确定性的混沌模型比完全的随机模型更适于描述黄河花园口年平均径流量的变化。

Of 12 tomato lines, the analysis on the 4 fruit nourishment quality traits (the contents of vitamin C, total soluble solids and dry matter and ratio of sugar-acid ) was carried out to study the four kinds of disparities, which included the interspecific one, the one between two varieties in the same species , the one between the lines bred by different means in the same variety ,and the one between the different fruit-shaped lines in the same variety .The analytic method of orthogonal comparison of single degree of freedom was applied. The results showed that the line of Lycopersicum pimpinellifolium was better than the average of the lines of L.esculentum in the 4 traits at significant level of 1%, the average of the lines of var.cerasiforme was better than the average of the lines of var.vulgare in the 4 traits at significant level of 5% or 1%,and the two space mutation line(YH02-2 or YH02-6) was better than the average of the other lines of the same variation in the 4 trait, respectively, at significant level of 1%. Of the lines of var.cerasiforme , the lines with pear fruit were lower than the average of the lines with round-shaped or plum-shaped fruits in the 2traits(the contents of vitamin C and total soluble solids), at significant level of 1%,the lines with plum-shaped fruits were higher than the average of the lines with round-shaped fruits, at significant level of 1%,and the lines with yellow-colored fruits(YH02-11) was lower than the average of the lines with red-colored fruits(YH02-1and YH02-7) in the trait of the contents of vitamin C.

对12个品系进行种间、种内变种间、变种内不同选育方式间、变种内不同果实形状间在果实营养品质（果实维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量、干物质含量和糖酸比）上的差异进行分析，采用统计学上单一自由度正交比较分析法与植物学分类相结合的方法进行分析，结果表明：醋栗番茄种品系YH02-12在4个营养品质性状上，极显著高于普通番茄种品系；樱桃番茄变种品系在4个营养品质性状上的平均水平极显著或显著高于普通番茄变种品系的平均水平；2个空间诱变品系YH02-2、YH02-6在4个营养品质性状上均极显著高于同变种的其他品系的平均水平；樱桃番茄变种品系中，梨形果品系YH02-5、YH02-8的果实维生素C、可溶性固形物含量均极显著地低于樱桃番茄变种中圆形或李形品系的平均水平，李形果品系YH02-9在4个营养品质性状上均极显著地高于圆形果品系的平均水平，黄色圆形果品系YH02-11的果实维生素C偏低于红色圆形果品系YH02-1和YH02-7。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。