平均

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

Through simulating the speckle intensity distribution in the far field of a random rough surface,we compute the degree of angular speckle correlation by substituting spatial average in speckle pattern for conventional ensemble average,and determinate the surface roughn.

通过模拟计算随机粗糙表面的远场散斑场，以散斑图面上的空间平均代替常规的集平均来计算角度散斑相关系数，并应用集平均的数学模型反演粗糙度参量。

Through simulating the speckle intensity distribution in the far field of a random rough surface, we compute the degree of angular speckle correlation by substituting spatial average in speckle pattern for conventional ensemble average, and determinate the surface roughness by the mathematic model of ensemble average.

通过模拟计算随机粗糙表面的远场散斑场，以散斑图面上的空间平均代替常规的集平均来计算角度散斑相关系数，并应用集平均的数学模型反演粗糙度参量。

Uses the arithmetic mean of the mean peak force and the mean valley force.

4使用算术平均的平均峰值力及平均谷武力。

Results:All of 16 children's score of articulation increased from 49.9% to 88.2% in average.

结果：16名患者经过平均25 d的强化训练后，语音清晰度从平均49.9%提高到平均88.2%。

Results It was calculated that the mean of air conduction hearing threshold of500,1000,2000,3000Hz on audiogram.

结果 （1）计算听力图上500、1000、2000、3000Hz的平均气导听阈，200例的结果为左耳平均13dBHL，右耳平均12dBHL。

This indicates the volcanic rocks with the character of autunite alkalescence siries, LREE/HREE=4.31-14.60, with a mean value of 8.74,=3.72-16.16, with a mean value of 9.59, enrichment of LREE,δEu=0.61-1.11, with a mean value of 0.80, majority samples δEu.0, indicate Eu pronounced weak negative abnormalty or no pronounced Eu abnormally.

LREE/HREE=4.31~14.60，平均8.74，=3.72~16.16，平均9.59，具有LREE富集的特征，δEu=0.61~1.11，平均0.80，多数样品δEu.0，表明铕呈弱负异常或不显异常。

Simulated annealing method was used to get the least average relative error for a given temperature.

利用神经网络分析了频率和电流对平均温度及其平均相对误差的影响，并应用模拟退火法对频率和电流进行了优化以获得所需温度下的最小平均相对误差。

Based on the and density weighted averagingmiddle operator and density weighted geometric averagingmiddle operator, a new density weighted harmonic averaging middle operator is proposed.

文章根据已有的密度加权平均中间算子和密度加权几何平均中间算子的形式提出了密度加权调和平均中间算子并与已有的其它算子进行合成得到合成算子。

Density weighted harmonic averaging middle operator; argument clustering; density weighted vector; aggregation

从密度加权平均中间算子（文中式（3））和密度加权几何平均中间算子的（文中式（4））的形式与平均数的形式进行对比，很容易得到密度加权调和平均中间算子（文中式（7））。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。