平均

As a whole,the notable characteristic of primary productivity in size-fractioned structure was that nanoplankton occupied comparatively significant advantage in Beibu Gulf.Nanoplankton has the largest contribution to gross primary productivity,and picoplankton was the secondary contributor,while microplankton the least.The contribution of microplankton for primary productivity in the north Gulf was more than that in the other waters.Nanoplankton and picoplankton contribute more to the gross primary productivity in offshore deep waters than in inshore shallow waters3.The Beibu Gulf can be divided into three ecoregions:Region-Ⅰis the ecoregion in inshore shallow waters of the north Gulf.In average,the water depth is 18m,DIN is 1.88μmol/L,DIP is 0.20μmol/L,N:P is 9.4:1,dissolved silicate is 5.17μmol/L,the Chl a conentration in surface layer is 2.27mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index in surface layer is 3.80mg/,the primary productivity is 198.78mgC/(m~2·d), and potential fishery production is estimated to be 0.24gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion is mainly affected by the northern coastal water systems,and may be fit for aquaculture;Region-Ⅱis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the north Gulf and the coastal shallow waters to the west Hainan Island.In average,the water depth is 35m,DIN is 2.01μmol/L,DIP is 0.18μmol/L,N:P is 11.2:1,disovled silicate is 4.23μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 1.45mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer is 4.12 mg/,the primary productivity is 276.60mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.34gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity. The ecoregion was mainly influenced by ocean current from the South China Sea, rivers in the west coast of Hainan Island and the water from Qiongzhou Strait.It may be fit for aquaculture and fishery;Region-Ⅲis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the mid and south Gulf.In average,the water depth is 75m,DIN is 0.77μmol/L, DIP is 0.15μmol/L,N:P is 5.1:1,disovled silicate is 3.05μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 0.70mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer averaged is 3.69mg/,the primary productivity is 350.89mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.43gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion was mainly affected by the circulation inside Beibu Gulf, and may be fit for fishery.

初级生产力的粒级结构的一个显著特点是总体上微型浮游生物在全调查海区均占较明显优势，对总初级生产力的平均贡献最大；微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献次之；小型浮游生物对总初级生产力的平均贡献最小；湾北部小型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾中部和湾南部，而湾中部和湾南部微型和微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾北部，远岸深水区高于近岸浅水区。3、北部湾可以分为三个生态区：湾北部近岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深19m，DIN浓度平均值为1.88μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.20μmol/L，N：P为9.4：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为5.17μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值高达2.27 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.80 mg/，初级生产力平均值198.78mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.24 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受湾北部沿岸水系影响，适合作为水产养殖区；湾北部深水区和海南岛西部沿岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深35m，DIN浓度平均值为2.01μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.18μmol/L，N：P为11.2：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为4.23μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值1.45 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为4.12mg/，初级生产力平均值276.60 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.34 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受南部湾口区海流向湾内延伸，沿岸海南岛河流注入湾内和琼州海峡过道水的影响，适合作为渔业作业区和水产养殖区；湾中部和南部远岸深水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深75m，DIN浓度平均值为0.77μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.15μmol/L，N：P为5.1：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为3.05μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值0.70 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.69 mg/，初级生产力平均值350.89 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.43 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受北部湾环流影响，适合作为渔业作业区。

Results show that floes' VC and D at the surface water were closely related to current velocity; and the peaks of VC lag those of the current velocity. The lag variation during ebb and flood tides is 10-30min and 30-50 min, respectively. Current velocity at 50 cm/s is a turning point of D vs. vertical average current velocity, before the point, Dm increases with current velocity, and decreases after the point. Similarly, VC at 75μl/L becomes a critical point in the surface water, below the point, D increases with VC, and above the point, D stabilizes.Δp is D dependent, larger floes have much lower Δp than smaller floes. Both D and Δp of floes affect ω. In the surface water during spring tide and neap tide, a power exponent relationship exists between Δp and D, and ω and D.

研究表明：①长江口徐六泾表层絮凝体体积浓度主要受水流流速影响，再悬浮现象明显，体积浓度过程线滞后流速过程线，落潮期间滞后10-30min，涨潮则滞后30-50min；②小于一定流速时絮凝体平均粒径随流速增大而增大，大于一定流速时絮凝体平均粒径则随流速增大而减小，徐六泾夫、小潮表层絮凝体在50cm/s的垂线平均流速时出现平均粒径与垂线平均流速关系的转折；③徐六注大、小潮表层絮凝体平均粒径在体积浓度75μl/L时出现平均粒径与体积浓度关系的转折，体积浓度小于75μl/L时粒径随体积浓度增加而增大，超过75μl/L时粒径随体积浓度的增加变化不明显；④絮凝体有效密度由粒径大小控制，粒径大，有效密度小，反之亦然，粒径和有效密度共同决定絮凝体静水沉速，有效密度和沉速与平均粒径之间均存在良好的幂指数关系。

Using nuclear DNA C-values for 539 angiosperms in China, we examined the variation of these values among growth forms and taxonomic groups and the relationship of these values with invasiveness. Mean DNA C-value of the 539 angiosperm species was 4.06 pg. Mean DNA C-value was(1) significantly lower for woody species (1.84 pg) than for herbaceous species(5.02 pg);(2) significantly lower for 360 dicots (2.20 pg) than for 179 monocots (7.80 pg);(3) significantly lower for annuals (2.78 pg) than for perennials(6.65 pg);(4) significantly lower for 134 weed species (1.93 pg) than for herbaceous non-weeds (6.75 pg) and for several families that have an unusually high proportion of weed species;(5) significantly lower for 47 exotic weed species (1.76 pg) than for 134 native weeds (1.93 pg), but significantly lower than that of "non-weedy" herbaceous species (6.75 pg);(6) lower for weeds than for "non-weedy" species in same genus or family; and (7) in herbaceous species, generally lower for weedy compared to "non-weedy" species, with some exceptions such as Avena fatua, whose DNA C-value is as high as 14.15 pg, contrarily, and some "non-weedy" herbaceous species in Cruciferae and Cucurbitaceae with very low values.

统计了中国境内有分布的539种被子植物的DNA C-值，分析了它们在不同分类群、生活型、倍性、生活史类型以及在杂草和非杂草类群中的分布情况，主要结果如下：(1)539种被子植物DNA C-值平均为4.06 pg，其中木本植物的DNA C-值平均为1.84 pg，低于草本植物的平均值(5.02 pg)；(2)双子叶植物(360种)的DNA C-值平均为2.20 pg，极明显地小于单子叶植物(179种)的平均值(7.80 pg)；(3)1年生植物的DNA C-值平均为2.78 pg，明显小于多年植物的平均DNA C-值(6.65 pg)；(4)134种杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.93 pg，明显小于非杂草草本植物的平均值(6.75 pg)，含杂草较多的科，平均DNA C-值相对较小；(5)统计的47种入侵杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.76 pg，略小于134种杂草的平均DNA C-值(1.93 pg)，极显著地小于非杂草性草本植物(6.75 pg)；(6)以科为单位，不同科的DNA C-值存在着极大的差异；(7)DNA C-值与染色体倍性的关系并不明显，但是，随着倍性的增加，基因组变小；(8)在同一科、属中，与非杂草相比，典型杂草的DNA C-值往往偏小；(9)总体上杂草或杂草性强的植物，它们的DNA C-值比非杂草性植物的要小。

2B8a was weakly reactive to neutrophils (23.72%) and negative for T cells, NK, DC, RBC and Plt. The antibody reacted to all 3 marrow CD34+ cells with an average positive rate of 39.33% while it was negative for G-CSF-mobilized CD34+ peripheral blood stem/progenitor cells (PBSC, 1.25%). Cell line analysis showed that the antibody notably reacted to three out of 4 cell lines (Raji, SMS-SB, Nalm-6 and Nall-1) with the positive rates of 98.78%, 98.61%, 94.93% respectively and weakly to one of them with 5.68% in B lineage cell lines and monoblastic cell line (U937, 67.78%) while it was only weakly positive or negative for other myeloid leukemia cell lines including Meg01 (33.40%), HL-60 (29.70%),K562 (28.19%), KG1a (16.23 %) and HEL92.1.7 (8.02%). Among 4 T lineage leukemia,5 neuroblastoma and 1 colon cancer cell lines tested, only Molt-3 was found weakly positive (31.40%) for 2B8a, while the remaining 3 T cell lines (Molt4, JM and CCRF-CEM), 5 neuroblastoma cell lines (LA-N1, KCNR, BE, SK-N-SH, SK-N-AS) and the colon cancer cell line (HR8348) tested were negative.

结果表明： 2B8a抗原在外周血B细胞上表达（3/3例，平均阳性细胞数为26.29 ％），而在T淋巴细胞和NK细胞上不表达（0/3例）；在粒细胞和单核细胞上阳性表达均为2/3例，平均阳性细胞数分别是23.72 ％和59.84 ％；在DC细胞、红细胞和血小板上均不表达（0/3例）。2B8a抗原在骨髓CD34＋细胞上的阳性表达是3/3例，平均阳性细胞数39.33 ％，而在G-CSF动员的外周血CD34+细胞上的阳性表达仅1/3例，平均阳性细胞数为1.25 ％。2B8a抗原在B系细胞系Raji、SMS-SB、Nalm-6和Nall-1上的平均阳性细胞数分别为98.78 ％、98.61 ％、94.93 ％和5.68 ％；在T系细胞系Molt-3上的平均阳性细胞数为31.40 ％，而在Molt-4、JM和CCRF-CEM 细胞上不表达；在髓系细胞系U937、Meg-01、HL-60、K562、KG1a和HEL92.1.7上的平均阳性细胞数分别为67.78 ％、33.40 ％、29.70 ％、28.19 ％、16.23 ％和8.02 ％；在神经母细胞瘤细胞系SK-N-SH、KCNR、BE、LAN-1和SK-N-AS细胞以及结肠癌细胞系HR8348细胞上均不表达，而在羊膜细胞系FL细胞上呈一定的阳性表达，平均阳性细胞数为45.03％。

Cell line analysis showed that the antibody notably reacted to three out of 4 cell lines (Raji, SMS-SB, Nalm-6 and Nall-1) with the positive rates of 98.78%, 98.61%, 94.93% respectively and weakly to one of them with 5.68% in B lineage cell lines and monoblastic cell line (U937, 67.78%) while it was only weakly positive or negative for other myeloid leukemia cell lines including Meg01 (33.40%), HL-60 (29.70%),K562 (28.19%), KG1a (16.23 %) and HEL92.1.7 (8.02%). Among 4 T lineage leukemia,5 neuroblastoma and 1 colon cancer cell lines tested, only Molt-3 was found weakly positive (31.40%) for 2B8a, while the remaining 3 T cell lines (Molt4, JM and CCRF-CEM), 5 neuroblastoma cell lines (LA-N1, KCNR, BE, SK-N-SH, SK-N-AS) and the colon cancer cell line (HR8348) tested were negative.

结果表明： 2B8a抗原在外周血B细胞上表达（3/3例，平均阳性细胞数为26.29 ％），而在T淋巴细胞和NK细胞上不表达（0/3例）；在粒细胞和单核细胞上阳性表达均为2/3例，平均阳性细胞数分别是23.72 ％和59.84 ％；在DC细胞、红细胞和血小板上均不表达（0/3例）。2B8a抗原在骨髓CD34＋细胞上的阳性表达是3/3例，平均阳性细胞数39.33 ％，而在G-CSF动员的外周血CD34 细胞上的阳性表达仅1/3例，平均阳性细胞数为1.25 ％。2B8a抗原在B系细胞系Raji、SMS-SB、Nalm-6和Nall-1上的平均阳性细胞数分别为98.78 ％、98.61 ％、94.93 ％和5.68 ％；在T系细胞系Molt-3上的平均阳性细胞数为31.40 ％，而在Molt-4、JM和CCRF-CEM 细胞上不表达；在髓系细胞系U937、Meg-01、HL-60、K562、KG1a和HEL92.1.7上的平均阳性细胞数分别为67.78 ％、33.40 ％、29.70 ％、28.19 ％、16.23 ％和8.02 ％；在神经母细胞瘤细胞系SK-N-SH、KCNR、BE、LAN-1和SK-N-AS细胞以及结肠癌细胞系HR8348细胞上均不表达，而在羊膜细胞系FL细胞上呈一定的阳性表达，平均阳性细胞数为45.03％。

The results of POPGENE analyze indicated that it was moderate level of the genetic diversity of Dipelta, mean PPB (percentage of polymorphic bands) h and I of 4 species of Dipelta as below: D.wenxianensis.(PPB=62.02%,h=0.1850,I=0.2826); D.yunnanensis (PPB=40.31%, h=0.1238, I=0.1874); D. floribunda (PPB=36.82%, h=0.1395,I=0.2045); D. elegans (PPB=15.51%, h=0.0583,I=0.0861). Genetic diversity in D.elegans is the lowest. It is possibly caused by the endemic distribution and local ecotope.

POPGENE分析结果表明，文县双盾木的多态位点百分率平均为62.02%，Nei&s基因多样性指数平均为0.1850，Shannon&s信息指数平均为0.2826；云南双盾木的PPB平均为40.31%；h值平均为0.1238；I值平均为0.1874；双盾木两个居群的PPB平均为36.82%；h值平均为0.1395；I值平均为0.2045；优美双盾木两个居群的PPB平均为15.51%，h值平均为0.0583；I值平均为0.0861；因此，我们认为双盾木属4个种的遗传多样性适中；而优美双盾木由于分布上的地理限制，居群的生境比较孤立，其遗传多样性较低。

Chemical and microbiological compositions of 12 samples of traditionally home-made koumiss in Xingjiang Uighur Autonomous Region were determined. The average contents of fat, protein, lactose, ash, calcium and phosphorus were 2.07g/100mL, 2.22g/100mL, 3.03g/100mL, 0.28g/100mL, 82.27mg/100mL and 58.20mg/100mL respectively. On average, pH was 3.90, titratableacidity was 134.25°T, lactic acid content was 10.99g/L, acetic acid content was 1.50g/L, citric acid content was 0.09g/L, ethanol content was 14.94g/L. The counts of lactic bacteria in 10 samples were 1.07～9.70×107cfu/mL, 1 sample was 1.38×108cfu/mL, another sample was 2.06×106cfu/mL; the counts of yeast in 1 samples was 3.20×104cfu/mL, 5 samples were 1.80～6.60×105cfu/mL, and 6 samples were 1.06～2.72×106cfu/mL. 33 strains isolated from 12 samples of traditionally home-made koumiss collected from Xingjiang Uighur Autonomous region belonged to Lactobacillus.

本项研究，对采集于新疆伊犁哈萨克族自治州、博尔塔拉蒙古族自治州和巴音郭愣蒙古族自治州 3 个地区的 12 份酸马奶样品，进行了化学和微生物组成分析，并对从中分离到的 33 株杆菌分离株，进行了属种鉴定，同时还对耐酸性菌株进行了初步筛选，结果表明： 12 份酸马奶样品的脂肪平均含量为 2.07g/100mL ，蛋白质平均含量为2.22g/100mL，乳糖平均含量为 3.03g/100mL，灰分平均含量为 0.28g/100mL，钙平均含量为 82.27mg/100mL，磷平均含量为 58.20mg/100mL；pH 值平均为 3.90，酸度平均为 134.25oT，乳酸平均含量为 10.99g/L，乙酸平均含量为 1.50g/L，4 份未检出，8 份柠檬酸平均含量为 0.09g/L，乙醇平均含量为 14.94g/l；1 份乳酸菌数为1.38×108cfu/mL，1 份为 2.06×106cfu/mL，其余 8 份在 1.07～9.70×107cfu/mL 间；1份酵母菌数为 3.20×104cfu/mL，5 份在 1.80～6.60×105cfu/mL 间，6 份在 1.06～2.72×106 cfu/mL 间。

The results show that the RIEMS can simulate the pattem and seasonal cycle of standard deviation of surface temperature and precipitation.

第一部分是检验RIEMS模式对东亚地区十年平均气候状况的模拟能力，结果表明，RIEMS模式能够较好地模拟出不同季节温度(包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度)的空间分布和季节变化以及不同区域温度的年变化；无论是平均温度，还是最高温度、最低温度，模式模拟季平均和月平均温度与观测之间偏差大约一般在1-2℃，这与IPCC(2001)报告中报告的在区域尺度10〓-10〓KM，季平均温度偏差在1-2℃较为一致；模式能够较好地模拟降水的空间分布特征和季节变化以及不同区域平均降水的年变化，同时，也能够较好地模拟出雨带季节性的演变，但模拟的雨带位置较观测偏北，大约为2-3纬度；就季节而言，模式模拟最好的季节为冬季，较差的季节为夏季；模式基本上能够较好的模拟出不同季节平均海平面气压场的空间分布以及东亚地区的湿润和干旱分布规律的干旱指数的空间分布。

The first part is to assess whether RIEMS has ability to reproduce ten-years averaged mean climate in East Asia.The results demonstrate that RIEMS is capable to reproduce the patterns and seasonal cycle of temperature(mean temperature/maximal temperature/minimal temperature), precipitation, sea level pressure and arid index as well as the rain belt evolution.The simulated seasonal and monthly averaged temperature biases are generally in the range of 1-2℃,which are consistent with IPCC(200 1)report. Although model can reproduce the seasonal cycle and time evolution of precipitation, the simulated rain belt has northwards shift of 2-3 degree.

第一部分是检验RIEMS模式对东亚地区十年平均气候状况的模拟能力，结果表明，RIEMS模式能够较好地模拟出不同季节温度(包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度)的空间分布和季节变化以及不同区域温度的年变化；无论是平均温度，还是最高温度、最低温度，模式模拟季平均和月平均温度与观测之间偏差大约一般在1-2℃，这与IPCC(2001)报告中报告的在区域尺度10〓-10〓KM，季平均温度偏差在1-2℃较为一致；模式能够较好地模拟降水的空间分布特征和季节变化以及不同区域平均降水的年变化，同时，也能够较好地模拟出雨带季节性的演变，但模拟的雨带位置较观测偏北，大约为2-3纬度；就季节而言，模式模拟最好的季节为冬季，较差的季节为夏季；模式基本上能够较好的模拟出不同季节平均海平面气压场的空间分布以及东亚地区的湿润和干旱分布规律的干旱指数的空间分布。

Verification of the harmonic constants of four tidal components M2、S2、K1 and O1 and the result of tide gauge stations which are distributed in China sea: the mean bias of the amplitude and phase of M2 component is 4.5cm and 4.8o;the mean bias of the amplitude and phase of S2 component is 2.0cm and 4.1o;the mean bias of the amplitude and phase of K1 component is 1.0cm and 3.3o;the mean bias of the amplitude and phase of O1 component is 3.0cm and 3.5o.

与分布于中国近海的验潮站资料相比，对于主要半日潮和日潮M2、S2、K1、O1的印证结果为： M2分潮振幅的平均偏差为4.5cm，迟角的平均偏差为4.8o；S2分潮振幅的平均偏差为2.0cm，迟角的平均偏差为4.1o；K1分潮振幅的平均偏差为1.0cm，迟角的平均偏差为3.3o；O1分潮振幅的平均偏差为3.0cm，迟角的平均偏差为3.5o。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。