平原

IntrOduction Finland can be described as an old peneplain deformed by selective weathering,ero—sion and glacial action.

芬兰是一个地形比较平缓，由差异风化、侵蚀和冰川活动改造过的古准平原，平均海拔高度152m，其基岩主要由前寒武纪岩石组成。

These planation surfaces are comparable with the summit planation surfaces of the mountains on the Tibetan Plateau and in the Beitai episode in Northern China, probably implying that they were united peneplain during the end of the Oligocene Epoch, although they are far from each other and are even located in different plates and tectonic systems.

说明中国大陆各部虽相距遥远，甚至处于不同的板块和构造休系，但在渐新世末却处于统一的准平原状态，大范围长尺度造山运动的脉搏似乎是一致的。

Geomorphological features rounded Peak, the ridge was not obvious, slope Pinggu wide, the entire floor was wavy top surface that is about 100 meters above sea level, the basic preservation the original peneplain surface, the performance of ancient glacial landscape is not obvious.

地貌特征为山顶浑圆、山脊不明显、坡平谷广，整个地面呈波状起伏，顶面海拔约100米，基本保存了原来的准平原面，古冰川地貌表现不明显。

Subaerial erosion occurs often with reduction to a peneplain.

陆上侵蚀常夷平成准平原。

Based on studies of ore - bearing rocks and geochemistry, it is suggested that bauxite deposits in western Jiyuan were sediments in lake - environments after transgression when North China Block turned from peneplain in early Paleozoic to epeiric sea in late Paleozoic.

中文摘要：文章在对含矿岩系岩石组合、地球化学分析的基础上，认为矿区铝土矿形成于华北地块从早古生代准平原状态向晚古生代陆表浅海过渡时期，早期海侵之后的陆地湖泊环境中。

About 1.7-1.6Ma. B. P, phase C of the Qinghai-xizang Movement made the yellow River cut down the"Gansu Peneplain"and drained off the water of Dong shah paleolake, so that the loess was preserved in the Lanzhou region.

在1.7-1.6Ma.B.P前后，青藏运动C带使黄河自临夏盆地的"甘肃期准平原面"下切，排干了东山古湖之水，从而使研究区内有了得以保存黄土堆积的条件。

The tectonic evolution history of Tianshan is an example. In the Triassic, it was once uplifted to form the mountains with thick molasse accumulation on both its sides, Junggar and Tarim Basins. Then it became a peneplain by the exposion and deplanation in the Jurassic, forming the widespread coal-bearing strata which can be correlated. From the Cretaceous to the Early Cenozoic, it was uplifted again, until the Quaternary to build huge mountains with two large sedimentary basins on both sides.

如天山山脉的构造演化，三叠纪天山曾经一度隆起成山，两侧的准噶尔和塔里木盆地中堆积了巨厚的磨拉石；侏罗纪时由於剥蚀夷平成为一个准平原，形成了广泛分布且可以对比的含煤岩系；从白垩纪到早新生代，它再度隆升，直至第四纪时形成雄伟的高大山系，两侧形成相应的大型沈积盆地。

The study area is located in the W-E fault valley 68 km west to Yumenguan, on a residual hill peneplain of the North Mountain north to Suleihe billabong (90°～90°10′E,40°30′～40°34′N). There, the paleo-lacustrine sediments composing Yardang landform is deposited in the period of Middle and even Early Pleistocene.

玉门关西雅丹地貌位于玉门关以西68 km的疏勒河故道北面北山剥蚀残丘准平原的东西向断层谷地中（90°00′～90°10′E， 40°30′～40°34′N），该区雅丹地貌组成的古湖相地层被推测形成于中更新世甚至早更新世，中更新世末的新构造运动湖水向西撤退，随即被晚更新世的戈壁砾石层覆盖。

In Jurassic-Paleogene, the West Kunlun, West Tianshan, Tarim and the Central Asia exhibited a relatively quiet period after the orogenic movement. Due to extension, these area displayed peneplain tectonic geomorphologic landscape.

侏罗纪，西昆仑、西天山、塔里木大陆及中亚—带都处于造山期后的相对宁静期，以仲展构造作用为主，主要表现为准平原化的构造地貌景观，沉积有高成熟度的侏罗纪含煤岩系，塔西南表现为陆内伸展盆地，这一时期可持续到早第三纪。

Upstream incision of rivers led to westward motion of boundary between internally and externally drained regions and disappearance of paleo-lakes in Quaternary, and Quaternary incision of external rivers gradually formed present topography characterized by deep valleys, high mountains and remained peneplain in eastern Tibetan Plateau.

中新世晚期-第四纪以湖面与五道梁群湖相沉积顶面为基准，在高海拔环境下继续发生剥蚀夷平和准平原化，逐步形成主夷平面或高原面。第四纪河流溯源侵蚀导致内外流水系分界线自东向西迁移，在青藏高原东部形成高山峡谷地貌。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。