常规化

OBJECTIVE To design and develop a clinical pharmacokinetics and individual drug dosage regimens system CPKDP program for estimating individual pharmacokinetic parameters and optimizing individualizing dosage regimens using routine clinical data of plasma levels. METHODS According to the principle of population pharmacokinetics and Bayes" formula, CPKDP program was written with FOXPRO 2.6 and BORLAND C++ 3.1, and was run on 486 microcomputer with UCDOS 5.0. RESULTS CPKDP program was adapted for drugs with different characteristics of pharmacokinetics, and for single dose or multiple dose administration. Using 1 or 2 measured drug concentrations, individual patient"s pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated based on population-average pharm-acokinetic parameters. CONCLUSION CPKDP program is applied for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters and optimizing drug therapy in individual patients.

目的为利用临床常规监测的血药浓度数据估算病人的个体药动学参数，优化给药方案，设计、研制了临床药动学给药个体化系统CPKDP程序方法依据群体药动学原理及Bayes公式，CPKDP程序用FOXPRO 2.6和BORLAND C++ 3.1开发，在希望汉字系统UCDOS 5.0平台上运行结果CPKDP程序适用于具有不同药动学特征的多种药物，适用于不同给药途径的单剂量或多剂量给药在群体药动学参数的基础上，结合病人个体特征，以1，2个血药浓度作为反馈，即可拟合估算个体药动学参数，优化给药方案结论经初步应用，CPKDP程序是应用Bayes反馈法开展临床个体化给药工作非常实用的工具

According to the results from this study, biological samples for detecting Cu contents can be treated under regular cineration temperature, while those for Zn and Pb are much better to be treated with low temperature cineration technique.

根据本研究结果可知，测定Cu含量的生物样品可用常规灰化温度进行处理，而测定Zn和Pb含量的生物样品宜用低温灰化技术进行处理。

The main works in this paper are as follows:(1). In this thesis, a new method, continuous linearization model, is constructed for the non-linear dynamic systems. The precision Duhamel integration solution for the linearization equation is also given from the theory of linear differential equation. The calculating results show that the new method can improve the calculation precision greatly. In fact, the truncation error is not limited by this method, it can arrive the precision according to the requirement.

本文的主要工作有以下几个方面：(1)由于非线性项的存在，使得多数情况下难以得到非线性动力方程的解析解表达式，目前常使用数值积分方法来求解非线性动力学方程的解，但常规计算方法的计算精度不很理想，本文提出了含Taylor展开项中高阶余项的非线性动力方程的线性化数值计算方法，构造了瞬态线性化方程，给出了Duhamel积分的表达式。

The so-call'exportable equation'is found by nonlinear geometry method for general non-autonomous chaotic control systems which coefficient matrix of control term is functional matrix contained system variables. The homeomorphic transformation of coordinate is found under specified conditions, the coefficient matrix of control term can be transformed as constant matrix, the synchronization among chaotic systems can be realized by common control methods.

针对一般的非自治混沌控制系统中控制项系数矩阵是含有系统变量的函数矩阵，利用非线性几何线性化的方法找出所谓的"输出方程"，在一定的条件下求出坐标的同胚变换，将控制项系数矩阵变换为常矩阵，然后利用常规的控制方法进行混沌系统之间的同步化。

Methods: 180 cases with liver cirrhosis induced by hepatitis were randomly divided into two groups:the control group were treated by western medicine together with some routine treatment,while the treatment group were treated as the control group plus medical instrument on hepatic diseases of type I DSG by which the hypochondrium was irradiated. Such marks as the total efficacy, liver funcititon, the inner diameter of portal vein, the volume of blood flow and the velocity of blood flow of portal vein, some marks related to fibrosis, ie, HA, LN, PC-Ⅲ,Ⅳ-C were observed.

选择肝炎肝硬化患者180例，随机分为两组，对照组以西药常规治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用DSG-I型生物信息肝病治疗仪照射肝区，观察治疗后的总有效率、肝功能、门静脉主干内径及血流量、血流速度和肝纤维化指标HA、LN、PC-Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C的变化。

Methods: 180 cases with liver cirrhosis induced by hepatitis were randomly divided into two groups: the control group were treated by western medicine together with some routine treatment, while the treatment group were treated as the control group plus medical instrument on hepatic diseases of type Ⅰ DSG by which the hypochondrium was irradiated. Such marks as the total efficacy, liver funcititon, the inner diameter of portal vein, the volume of blood flow and the velocity of blood flow of portal vein, some marks related to fibrosis, ie, HA, LN, PC-Ⅲ,Ⅳ-C were observed.

选择肝炎肝硬化患者180例，随机分为两组，对照组以西药常规治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用DSG-Ⅰ型生物信息肝病治疗仪照射肝区，观察治疗后的总有效率、肝功能、门静脉主干内径及血流量、血流速度和肝纤维化指标HA、LN、PC-Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C的变化。

Methods: 180 cases with Liver cirrhosis induced by hepatitis were randomly divided into two groups : The control group were treated by western medicine together with some routine treatment, while the treatment group were treated as the control group plus Medical instrument on Hepatic Diseases of Type I DSG by which the hypochondrium was irradiated. Such marks as the total efficacy, liver funcition, the inner radium of portal vein, the volume of blood flow and the velocity of blood flow of portal vein, some marks related to fibrosis , ie , HA HA , LN , PC -Ⅲ, IV-C were observed.

选择肝炎肝硬化患者180例，随机分为两组，对照组以西药常规治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用 DSG Ⅰ型生物信息肝病治疗仪照射肝区，观察治疗后的总有效率、肝功能、门静脉主干内径及血流量、血流速度和肝纤维化指标 HA 、 LN 、 PC -Ⅲ、 IV-C 的变化。

In the present study,we intend to establish a new model of traumatic brain-steminjury,and to study the pathological changes of neuron,axon,astrocyte,plasmaproteins,blood vessel endothelia,synapse,neurotransmitter and cytokines in rat'sand human injured brain-stem,using routing histochemistry,immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization,LSCM and computerized image analysis.

综合现有文献，本研究拟建立新的脑干损伤动物模型，并采用常规病理组化、免疫组化、原位杂交、LSCM以及计算机图像分析等技术，对动物及人体脑干组织中的神经元、星形胶质细胞、血浆蛋白及血管内皮细胞，以及轴索、突触、神经递质及细胞因子等进行研究，并对脑干损伤的致死性病变进行初步定位，以确立对脑干损伤的鉴定和推断脑干损伤时间有意义的客观指标。

The results show that the diameter of nanosphere is about 20 nm, and it has obviously blue shif compared with the conventional bulk material zinc selenium, which indicate that the synthesis of zinc selenide nanoparticles has excellent optical properties.

结果表明，所得纳米球体直径约20nm，与常规体材料硒化锌相比发生明显的蓝移现象，说明所合成的硒化锌纳米球具有优异的光学性能。

Iminodiacetic acid and aspartic acid reacting with t-butyloxycarbonyl anhydride in the basic solvent system of 1,4-dioxane-water gave better yields than those from conventional t-BuOH/H 2O system method,while glutamic acid in both solvent systems of 1,4-dioxane-water and tetrahydrofuran-water also gave better yield.

其中Boc酐法反应条件温和，操作简便，试剂易得且经济，是实验室制备Boc保护的氨基酸的常用方法。常规Boc酐法多采用叔丁醇水和四氢呋喃水的溶剂体系。我们用常规Boc酐法制备Boc 亚氨基二乙酸时，多次重复，收率总是低于 5 0 %，对天冬氨酸和谷氨酸进行Boc化时也有类似情况。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。