常染色体

Chromosome 22 is the first sequenced human autosome since Human Genome Project was launched.

22号染色体是人类基因组计划实施以来最先完成序列测定的常染色体。

Autosome :Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

常染色体：除性染色体以外各对染色体，通常以 A 表示。

It is revealed that the aberration of sex chromosome causes the most serious spermatogenesis failure and some breakpoints of autosome may also affect spermatogenesis.

由此可见，性染色体数目和结构异常是精子发生障碍的主要原因，其次常染色体的某些断裂点也可能影响精子发生。

The majority of the loci are at the autosome and five loci at the Z chromosome.Four loci have multiple allelic series.

这些基因座多数位于常染色体上，有5 个基因座位于Z染色体上，有4 个基因座存在有复等位基因系列。

Androgen receptor gene located on the X chromosome was first found as a susceptibility gene of AGA. Further more, the sex-determining gene located on the Y chromosome and the hairless gene on the autosome gene were also associated with AGA.

第一个发现的雄激素性秃发易感基因-雄激素受体基因，位于X染色体上；另外，位于Y染色体上的性别决定基因、常染色体上的脱发基因等也与雄激素性秃发发病有关。

Literature Research The etiological factors of POF are not still clear. The changes of sites and numbers in X chromatosome, X; autosome translocations, a forkhead transcription factor gene (FOXL2) mutations, FRAXA premutations and inhibits gene mutations are found in POF patients, so genetic disorders have been thought to be involved. Irradiation, chemotherapy or pelvic operations can damage ovaries and cause ovarian atrophy and failure, so it is thought one factor of POF.

一、文献研究 POF的确切病因目前尚不清楚，从POF患者体内检测到X染色体上位点和数目的变化，X染色体与常染色体间的平衡易位，脆性X基因前突变，FOXL2基因突变，抑制素基因突变等，故认为POF发生与遗传因素有关；由于放射、化疗或盆腔手术等可损伤卵巢，导致卵巢萎缩，出现卵巢衰竭，故也是导致POF的因素之一。

Fig 1 The results of two color FISH A:Normal sperms(a sperm nucleus with a red fluorescence domain was X sperm, and with a green fluorescence domian was Y sperm);B:Numeric chromosome abnormal sperm two green fluorescence domains within the same sperm nucleus which may be classified in Y disomic sperm or diploidy sperm, in the case of hybridization with two probes, one euchromosome specific and the other sex chromosome specific, this sperm could be discriminated as disomic or diploidy sperm

图1 双色荧光原位杂交结果 A：正常精子(精子头部有1个红色荧光信号者为X精子，有1个绿色荧光信号者为Y精子)；B：染色体数目异常精子两个绿色荧光信号同在1个精子核内，可为Y双体精子或二倍体精子，若用1条常染色体探针和1条性染色体探针进行双色荧光原位杂交，可以区别该精子属Y双体精子或二倍体精子

The results show that, Pian Nui can form the structure of SC in autosomes of a few primary spermatocytes and has more synaptonemal abnormalities.

根据研究结果，作者认为牦牛与普通牛在部分常染色体和性染色体上的差异，使犏牛的同源染色体不能很好地配对形成SC ，是导致不育的主要原因之一。

Suppression of recombination is the prerequisite for plant sex chromosome evolution from a pair of autosomes. Recombination suppression around the locus controlling sex determination results in sex chromosome degeneration and differentiation.

重组抑制是植物性染色体由常染色体进化而来的前提条件，性别决定位点区域发生的重组抑制使早期的性染色体发生了退化和分化。

Results According to sonograms of 16 cases, Potter taxonomy was adopted.

结果根据16例患者声像图表现，采用Potter分类法，具体有常染色体隐性遗传性多囊肾患者2例，常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾患者7例，多囊性发育不良肾患者5例，梗阻性囊性发育不良肾1例，其他1例。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。