常数项

In this paper, the analytical solution of Smoluchowski equation, of which diffusive term is constant and drift term harmonic oscillator potential (including the well and the barrier potentials), is derived from a simple Gaussian distribution in a easy and wizard method.

当扩散项为常数、漂移项为一维谐振子势(包括谐振子势阱和谐振子位垒)的情况下，得到Smoluchowski方程的解析表达式。

However every single-machine subsystem of the power system can be approximated by a set of T-S fuzzy models in this paper, the consequent part of every model has a constant bias term, every fuzzy model represents a linearized m.

模型未知的仿射型多机耦合电力系统用一系列T-S 模糊模型逼近，且模糊模型的结论部分具有常数偏差项。

2A_1-~2B_1 electronic transition,molecular constant,rotational energy term,isotopic effect

2A_1-~2B_1电子态跃迁，分子常数，转动能级谱项，同位素效应

The inconsistencies of dimensional reduction and naive dimensional regularization in dealing withChern-Simons-matter theory are analyzed.The consistent dimensional regularization combiningwith higher covariant derivative regularization is adopted to consider Chern-Simons field theorycoupled to complex scalar and spinor field.All the local parts of one-loop two-point functionsand three-point functions are computed.Slavnov-Taylor identity is combined with these explicitcalculation results to give the one-loop local effective action.The finite gauge invariant quantumcorrection is shown and finite wave function renormalization constant for each field is defined.Thelocal part of one-loop three gauge field vertex is especially evaluated and it is verified that thereexists a renormalization choice compatible with BRST symmetry.

然后计算了所有的两点函数和三点函数单圈修正的定域部分，利用S-T恒等式给出了单圈定域有效作用量，定义了场的重正化常数，发现物质场和规范场都存在有限的规范不变的量子修正，并讨论了这些有限的规范不变的量子修正的物理意义，进而通过考察单圈三规范场顶角，表明存在与BRST对称性相容的重正化选择。5、在背景场方法的框架下，选择高阶协变导数正规化与维数正规化的杂化正规化方案计算了背景场两点函数的两圈量子修正，结果表明，标志紫外发散的极点项恰好抵消；进一步利用背景场方法中明显的规范对称性，证明背景场三点函数的两圈图贡献也是有限的。

They are the deflection w, the rotations of the normal to the undeformed median surface Φx,Φy and the force function F. In the present paper these dependent functions are expressed as generalized double Fourier series with beam eigenfunctions as general terms.

本文中将这四个独立的函数表示为广义傅里叶级数，选用了两个变量分离的梁本征函数之积构成广义傅里叶级数的通项，通过梁本征函数中的待定常数使所选级数预先满足简支、固支或弹性支持边界条件。

Einstein in his Field Equation applying to physical describtion to the universe.

另外，基本宇宙常数和爱因斯坦先生最初使用广义相对论的场方程对宇宙进行物理学考察时引入的宇宙项无关。

When the output control is considered, it is assumed that the nonlinear term satisfies the Lipschitz condition with an uncertain Lipschitz constant.

在采用输出反馈控制时，假设非线性项满足李普希兹条件，但李普希兹常数未知。

Secondly, based on the different structure characteristics and additional conditions, we study several kinds of inverse problems of pseudoparabolic equations. One is a kind of pseudoparabolic inverse problem of identifying a constant coefficient solved by combining the formal solution of the problem and the additional condition properly. The second is the pseudoparabolic inverse problems of identifying an unknown boundary function and an unknown source term solved by using the Riemann function method to get the formal solution of the problem and then using the additional condition to transform the problem into a Volterra integral equation of the second kind. The third is a kind of backward heat flow problem of nonlinear pseudoparabolic equation solved by combining the Riemann function method and the fixed point theory properly.

其次，根据不同模型的结构特点和附加条件，研究了几类伪抛物型方程的反问题：一是利用问题的形式解并结合附加条件，解决了一类伪抛物型方程常数系数的反问题；二是利用Riemann函数方法获得问题的形式解，利用附加条件将问题转化成求解第二类Volterra积分方程问题，解决了一类伪抛物型方程未知边界值的反问题和未知源项的反问题；三是将Riemann函数方法和不动点定理相结合，解决了一类非线性伪抛物型方程的后向热流问题。

The key of our method is to reduce the exact controllability of a semilinear system to the observability estimate for the dual system of its linearized system.

另一方面，我们注意到，上述的两种方法无法给出任何能观性不等式中出现的常数的显式估计，因为它们采用的是反证法来吸收低阶项的。

Using the dynamicalsymmetry and considering the off-diagonal term of rovibrational interaction, weobtained firstly the expression of rotational energy levels similarly to thecommonly used term value equation in spectrum analysis. By using the formula,the rotational levels of different vibrational transition for linear triatomic molecules〓, HCN, OCS,〓 and its isotope species, which are on the electronic groundstate and the first electronic excited state, were analyzed. The obtained rotationalconstants accord with the ones from other calculation methods very well.

文章还利用动力学对称性并考虑到振转相互作用算符的非对角项，首次得到了类似于光谱分析计算中常用的项值方程的振动能级的表达式，并用其计算了〓、OCS、〓、HCN等线形分子在电子基态和第一电子激发态若干振动跃迁的转动能级，所得转动常数与其它计算方法所得值符合得相当好。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。