常数函数

Paper studies the practical stability of electricity market models by tools, for example, the appropriate structure Lyapunov functions, Cauchy matrix, the matrix measure, constant variation. Judging practical stability sufficient conditions and estimating formula of ultimate convergence boundary are provided. Conditions are descriptive by coefficients of models. At the same time, paper studies the Lyapunov stability of the electricity market. As well as the sufficient conditions of judging electricity market Lyapunov stability are provided. Some of conclusions improved the results of Alvarado and others. The conclusion of Lyapunov stability has made a comparative with practical results.

首次将实用稳定性理论和方法应用于电力市场稳定性的研究中，借助于构造合适的Lyapunov函数、柯西矩阵、矩阵测度、常数变易法等工具，系统研究了所建电力市场模型的实用稳定性，得到了用模型的系数来描述其实用稳定性的一系列判定条件和最终收敛边界的估计公式；同时对电力市场的Lyapunov稳定性进行了研究，得到了电力市场稳定性的若干判据，部分结论改进了Alvarado等人的结果；随后将Lyapunov稳定的结果与实用稳定进行了比较。

It is composed of two parts, namely the contributions of enthalpy and entropy, and is the same as Koningsveld- Kleintijens' relation formally. But its entropy contribution χ~S is a complex function of concentration, rather than an arbitrary constant as proposed by Koningsveld.

它由焓贡献和熵贡献两部分组成，在形式上与Koningsveld-Kleintijen关系式相同，但它的熵贡献是浓度的复杂函数，而不象Koningsveld建议的是一个随意的常数。

It is composed of two parts, namely the contributions of enthalpy and entropy, and is the same as Koningsveld -Kleintijens' relation formally. But its entropy contribution Xs is a complex function of concentration, rather than an arbitrary constant as proposed by Koningsveld.

它由焓贡献和熵贡献两部分组成，在形式上与Koningsveld-Kleintijen关系式相同，但它的熵贡献是浓度的复杂函数，而不象Koningsveld建议的是一个随意的常数。

To avoid or reduce re-analysis, we derived the augmentative matrix variation only in summation of the previous matrices time the outside-perturbed parameters by decomposing the element stiffness and mass matrix. The implicit function of amplitude about design variables such as cross-areas and lengths is changed into simplistic function about the perturbed parameters of design variables. Several methods for determining the value of perturbed parameters are detailed.

为避免或减少重分析，将有限元单元阵进行了分解变换组装，使振幅与设计变量如截面面积、长度的复杂隐函数关系转化为对设计变量摄动参数的显式关系，进而将设计变量摄动参数提取在分解后的几个常数刚度阵、质量阵之外，避免了在迭代求解过程中重组刚度阵与质量阵，较快地获得问题的解。

The boundary element simulation method for the interaction of oblique linear waves with long prismatic floating ocean structures with arbitrary cross section is investigated by using the second kind modified Bessel function. The singular integral method in a constant or linear element and the open boundary treatment are proposed.

采用第二类变形Bessel函数对斜向线性入射波与任意截面形状的长棱柱型浮式海洋结构物的相互作用问题进行了边界元法模拟，给出了常数元和线性元的奇异积分处理方法以及开边界的处理方式。

8When the decay constant increases, the advertising cost increases in S shaped , but it decreases concave upward in concave shaped function.

8当衰变常数β递增时，除了在S型函数的广告支出呈现向上递增外，其他反应效果均为凹面向上向下递减。

In these three processes, the volatility of the asset price is no more a constant but a deterministic function of time and asset price.

在这三种过程中，资产价格的波动度不再是一个固定的常数，而是时间与资产价格的明确函数。

In comparison, it is proved that the wave functions occuring in the two formalisms are identical, apart from a constant multiple which represents the scalar product of the wave functions of a bare nucleon and a dressed nucleon.

这个常数倍即是物理核子及裸核子的波函数的内乘积。第二，我们讨论了一般的含有二个h函数的Chew-Low方程的解，方程的形式使它们在实轴上在(1，∞)及(-1，-∞)二段上不连续。

Let G be the domain whose inverse image is the cross section of u definedin (H1) where the mapping is affine,g and ψ are smooth functions and g＞0,thenthere is a unique smooth convex-monotone function which satisfies the followingproblem 〓Furthermore,if 〓 where C is a constant,ψis an affine function,〓 is astrictly interior sub-domain of G in the sense of"parabolic distance",then

若G为按（H1）中定义的u的截影经仿射变换而得的区域，g和〓为光滑函数且〓，则〓存在惟一的凸单调光滑解。若〓常数，〓仿射函数，〓为G在&抛物距离&下的严格内子域，则

That is, the constant element for velocity potential, called 0 type element, and linear element for its nor

即对势函数采用线性元(或称之&1&型单元)，而对势函数法向导数采用常数元(或称之&0&型单元)，以这样的0-1混合型边界元剖分计算域的

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。