常套

The above problems are studied in this thesis. First, the implicit NND scheme with mix flux splitting method proposed by Zhang Hanxin that is first order accurate in time and second order in space is modified. The modified scheme keeps the characteristics of fast convergence and is second order accurate both in time and space. It can be capable of simulating the unsteacly flow. Second, the topological method founded by Zhang Hanxin is improved to study the characteristics of vortex near the singular point on its axis and the cross streamlines on the longitudinal section passing the vortex axis. On the basis of topological results, a program which visualises numerical results is made out. It can help us analyse the characteristics of vortex motion.

本文对上述问题做了研究：第一，在数值模拟方面，借助于张涵信提出的NND算法和混合通量法，我们将他建立的时间为一阶、空间为二阶精度的快速隐式算法推广为时间和空间均为二阶精度的算法，这样做保留了原格式收敛快的特点，而且能适用于真实的非定常流态的计算；第二，将张涵信的拓扑分析方法加以推广，研究了涡轴附近及破裂点邻域内流场的空间特征，并以这些拓扑分析结果为指导，研制了一套显示计算结果的软件，这一软件能很好地帮助我们分析流场的计算结果和旋涡演变的特征。

The key feature of this controller is a part of environmental disturbance and system uncertainty can be rejected with inner DCFDOB structure. Therefore, the burden of ALS-QFT is abated. Furthermore, instead of iterating design and well-skilled experience, we can find an optimal QFT controller via calculating algorithm.

该控制器最大的特点，在於内回路之DCFDOB架构可先一步排除部分外来干扰与系统不确定性，减轻外回路ALS-QFT控制器之负担；而在外回路ALS-QFT控制器设计部分，乃经由一套演算法计算得到一组最佳化之ALS-QFT控制器，可免除过去在传统QFT设计之Loop-Shaping中，常碰到经验门槛及反覆性设计之缺点。

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This paper not only fits the desired elastic potential energy curve to the summation curve of generated elastic potential energies by the balancer, but also provides a concrete design approach in synthesizing the four-bar linkage elastic balancers to modify the dynamics of the original system and therefore reduce actuator torque and force.

系统之弹性位能曲线常为不规则，本文提出以附加弹性平衡器之方式，不仅符合期望之弹性位能曲线，同时亦提供一套具体之四连杆及弹簧平衡器设计方案，以修正原系统之动态行为，并降低制动器输出之力矩和力量。

In a factory with four color offset print business card printing off and membership card making Atlas, uses the 80g/30000m2; 2 offset business card printing and membership card making, drag-and-shoot Department often found some set of red, blue, especially some special character, such as like some city whose symbol is a blue and Red snare and a delusion.

某厂用四色对开胶印机制卡和会员卡制作地图册，采用80g/㎡胶版纸制卡和会员卡制作，在拖梢处常发现有些红、蓝套不上，尤其是某些特殊符号，例如象有些城市符号为蓝圈套红。

Phase-lagged cyclic boundary condition is implemented by a novel method in conjunction with the developed sliding interface technique to accurately simulate the arbitrary pitch ratio rotor/stator interaction without any modifications of the physics of the problem. It's for the first time to compose the computational area into one structured grids including both rotor/stator of centrifugal or axial turbomachinery with arbitrary pitch ratio. This method can eliminate the iteration of boundary conditions on the sliding interface and calculate the unsteady flow within rotor and stator simultaneously.

为了能够在较小的计算区域内不改变叶型而真实地反映出任意栅距比时的内部非定常流场，并避免近似仍采用相位后滞周期性条件，结合本文发展的网格技术，给出了一种新的实施方法，首次将动、静叶片数不等的离心式/轴流式叶轮机械转子、静子计算区域组合在一套结构化计算网格中，动/静叶排间的滑移界面完全按内场处理，避免了每一时层内，滑移界面处边界条件的迭代计算；并保证了每一时层，滑移界面处流动参数的守恒特性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。