带电

Cu-C composite is one of the most potential materials for pantograph slide plate, which is an important component of pantograph system in locomotive. The principle of wettability between Cu and C was investigated in this paper. The element of Mo was selected to improve the wettability between Cu and C. The fabrication process of cold compression sintering fiber reinforced Cu-C composite and its effect on the composite property were studied. The wear and friction mechanism of Cu-C composite was investigated initially by electriferous friction test.

Cu-C材料是目前最具应用前景的电力机车受电弓滑板用材料之一，本文研究了Cu与C之间的润湿原理，利用Mo元素有效改善了Cu与C之间的润湿性；并对冷压烧结法制备纤维增强Cu-C复合材料的工艺过程及其对性能的影响进行了研究；通过带电摩擦试验对Cu-C复合材料带电摩擦磨损机理进行了初步探讨。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

A uninsulated live parts of different potential; ande uninsulated live parts and non-current-carrying metal parts.

未作绝缘处理的、电压不同的带电部件之间和未作绝缘处理的带电部件和非载流金属部件之间的最小间隔不能低于表3.11.1中所示的宽度。

It to conductive fiber, conductive rubber or conductive metallic materials made of fine needle-like and wirelike eletrode-is a good, electriferous itself generate electric generation corona discharge to ion, and electriferous in the neptuni charge.

它以导电纤维、导电橡皮或导电金属质料等做成针状式细线状电极并很好不天隔绝，诳骗带电体本身的电场爆发电晕充电天生离子，来洋和带电体上的电荷。

The particle in the anion and air grown collides, electrifies it, the electrification particulate matter is easy to affix to the wall , the surface of mirror , floor, achieve the goal of purifying air.

另外从竹炭中产生的负离子与空气中的颗粒碰撞，使其带电，这些带电颗粒物容易附着在墙壁、镜面、地板上，达到净化空气的目的。

Explained that charged body is not close with the charged body when the expression is the attraction, the homogeneity repulses.

说明带电体与不带电体接近时表示为吸引力，同性相斥。

The high cationic charge density on the nanosphere surface is created by incorporating a cationic conditioning agent into the solid hydrophobic matrix of the nanospheres, by incorporating a cationic charge 'booster' in the moisture sensitive microsphere matrix, or by using a cationic conditioning agent in the nanosphere matrix in conjunction with a cationic charge 'booster' in the microsphere matrix.

通过将阳离子带电&助剂&引入到水分敏感性微球基质中，或通过将纳米球基质中的阳离子调理剂和微球基质中的阳离子带电&助剂&联用，将阳离子调理剂引入到纳米球的疏水性基质中产生纳米球表面的高阳离子密度。

PIC result shows that the alteration of spatial potential in the discharge space directly affected the distribution of the charged particles, it is just the fluctuation of potential distribution caused the density distribution of the charged particles, thus an alternating-electric field formed in the plasma space.

采用二维PIC-MCC方法对氮气对称结构射频放电进行了模拟研究，粒子模拟结果表明：放电空间内空间电势的变化直接影响了带电粒子的分布，正是电势分布的波动使得带电粒子的密度分布也出现了波动。等离子体空间内形成了交变电场。

As for the study of isospin in intermediate energy HICs, we've investigated how bothstength and density dependence of symmetry potential affect many measurableobservables, such as the yield, phase-space, and isospin distributions of fragments, as wellas the correlations between Intermediate-Mass-Fragment multiplicity 〓 andCharged-Particle multiplicity 〓 Light-Charged-Particle multiplicity 〓 andNeutron multiplicity 〓. The aim is to find sensitive observables specifically for strengthand density dependence of SP.

在中能重离子碰撞的同位旋研究方面，分别研究了对称势的强度和其密度依赖形式对中能重离子核反应各类碎片产物产额、相空间、及其同位旋的分布，中等质量碎片多重数与带电粒子多重数、轻带电粒子多重数、中子多重数的关联等多种实验观测量的影响，以获取对称势中该两方面的信息，尤其着重于研究如何分别获取有关该两方面的信息的途径。

We use the single particle model and find a new nonlinear resonant acceleration criterion analytical: nw(1)+mw(2)=NW, m,n,Nare integers, w(1,w(2), W are the frequency of the two waves and the charged particle cyclotron respective,this result can be extended to the multiple waves ,we make numerical simulation and numerical results are consistent with the analytical results. This paper consists six chapters.

因此本文从基本的情况开始，以两个静电波与磁化等离子体相互作用问题为研究出发点，通过多标度展开的理论方法，求解带电粒子的运动方程，得到的一个新的非线性共振加速条件：nw(1)+mw(2)=NW，（m，n，N为整数，W，w(1)，w(2)分别为带电粒子的回旋频率以及两个静电波的频率），该结果可以推广到多个静电波作用于磁化等离子体的情况，随后通过数值计算证实了解析结论的可靠性。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。