帝国的

In this dissertation ,the author draws a conclusion that reasons of the surviving of The Celestial Empire are two :(1) China was admitted as a nation—state by the foreign powers in china ;(2) China won bigger room maneuvered which was due to the great efforts made by the Officers of the Qing Dynasty in the dangerous situation of the sharp international competition .

认为"中华帝国"的完整性与连续性的形成，主要原因包括：其一，列强在华力量均势的形成，使"中国"作为一个国家实体得到认可；其二，自晚清以来的中国政府、外交官员对均势外交、弱国外交的运用，为"中国"在国际竞争的险恶环境中创造了较大的回旋空间。

Egoism and exclusionism of the English nation-state drives the English protest all the other powers that bind and restrict and threaten it. The English regards the activities of their colonial expansion abroad as a right, by which they might settle in some other abroad places unoccupied by other countries like Spain and Portugal etc. Beating the Spanish not only raises the English national confidence, but also clears the biggest obstacle hindering the English to expand their power abroad, and prepares favorable conditions for the construction and development of the British Empire in the Dynasty of the Stuart.

民族国家的利己性和排他性，驱使英国人反对包括罗马教皇、西班牙人、葡萄牙人、汉萨人等在内的外国势力对英格兰民族国家的束缚、限制与威胁；英国人把海外殖民扩张视为实现英格兰民族平等发展的神圣权利，他们在反对外国人的斗争中逐渐增强了民族意识和民族精神；打败西班牙人不但提高了英格兰民族的自信心，而且扫除了他们通向海外殖民扩张道路上的最大障碍，为斯图亚特王朝时期英国海外殖民贸易帝国的建立和发展准备了有利条件。

He wished to make a province of Marcomannia and likewise of Sarmatia,161 and he would have done so had not Avidius Cassius just then raised a rebellion in the East.162 This man proclaimed himself emperor, some say, at the wish of Faustina, who was now in despair over her husband's death; others, however, say that Cassius proclaimed himself emperor after spreading false rumours of Antoninus' death, and indeed he had called him the Deified.

他希望将马科曼尼变成帝国的一个行省，同样的还有萨马提亚（161），但就在快要做到的时候，阿维狄。卡西乌斯在东方发动了叛乱（162）。这个人自立为帝，有些说法是，此事出于福斯蒂娜的希望，因为对她丈夫的死感到绝望；然而，其他人说卡西乌斯的称帝是因为相信了安东尼去世的误传，而且他的确还将他奉为神灵。

As the great Mongol Empire builder, Genghis Khan had been engraved on our mind by his bloody conquest and unsurpassed achievements in war, for this reason, the images in the works of Genghis Khan had been appraised and described widely differently in different periods and districts.

作为烜赫一时的蒙古帝国的创建者，"一代天骄成吉思汗"一直以他绝世的战功和血腥的征服而被世人所铭记，并以此获得了各种差异极大的评价，在不同时期、不同地域的叙事作品中呈现出迥然不同的形象。

And such princes come to be when a state is given to someone either for money or by the favor of whoever gives it, as happened to many in Greece, in the cities of Ionia and of the Hellespont, where they were made princes by Darius so that they might hold on to those cities for his security and glory; as also those emperors were made who from private individual attained the empire through corrupting the soldiers.

另外， 那些靠收买军队获得了帝国的政权，从平民登上皇帝宝座的人，情况也是如此。这些人靠的是帮助他们获得政权的人，简直是依赖于那些人的意志和命运，而这两点是变幻无常，极不稳定的。他们不知道如何保住也无法保住自己的地位。

The other five are Petra in Jordan, Peru's Machu Picchu, the mountain settlement that symbolises the Incan empire, Mexico's Mayan ruins at Chichen Itza, the Colosseum in Rome and the Taj Mahal in India.

其余的5个为约旦的？？，秘鲁的？？，是建造在山脉上的印加帝国的象征，墨西哥的玛雅遗址，罗马圆形大剧场和印度的泰姬陵。

The tunnels of their vast under-empire reach from the steaming jungles of the Southlands to the snow-covered steppes of Kislev , from the western borders of Estalia and Bretonnia to the lost realms of the Far East .

他们用打洞的方法在地下构建的巨大帝国的疆域极其宽广，从南方世界的蒸汽丛林到Kislev的覆雪草原，从Bretonnia和Estalia的西国界到远东的失落领域，都是他们地下王国的疆域。

Bar-Yosef argues that the Protestant practice of internalizing Biblical vocabulary--"Promised Land,""Chosen People,""Jerusalem"--and applying it to different, ofttimes contesting, visions of England and Englishness induced a unequalled significance of ambivalency towards the whiskers want to possess the Holy Land.

酒吧，优素福认为，圣经词汇的内在新教传统-"乐土"，"选择的人，""耶路撒冷"-并应用到不同的，常常争夺，英格兰的愿景和英国风格独特引起的矛盾心理意识对渴望拥有的帝国的圣地。

Suetonius wrote, concerning the long months following Nero's death, that the empire "for a longtime had been unsettled, and as it were, drifting, through the usurpation and violent death of the three emperors, was at last taken in hand and given stability by the Flavian family."

苏维托尼乌斯写道，关於后几个月的长期Nero的死亡，该帝国&的长期一直不稳定，并作为它，漂流，通过篡夺和暴力死亡的三个皇帝，是在去年采取的手，给予稳定的弗拉维安家庭。&

In order to relieve these social pressures, Sir Thomas More brings up the first colonial imagination and then, Richard Hakluyt and Francis Bacon propose ideas about exploring westward and setting up oceanic empire.

托马斯·莫尔等有识之士为解决英国社会所面临的流浪、失业、贫困、社会动荡等问题，提出了向外移民、开辟殖民地的最初设想。16世纪中后期，英国人的海上力量逐渐增强，海外殖民活动进一步发展，包括理查德·哈克路伊特、弗朗西斯·培根在内的一大批殖民思想家提出了向西开拓贸易场所、建立帝国的殖民主张。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。