帝国的

I see the site of the old empire of Assyria, and that of Persia, and

6我看见古亚述帝国的遗址，波斯帝国和印度帝国的遗址

He is nostalgic for the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires and in deep mourning for the British one.

他对奥匈帝国和土耳其帝国充满怀念之情，内心深处更是对大英帝国的悼念。

The 19th centaury looked like a centaury of recovery for the Ottomans, war against Russia recovered much of the land lost in the Caucuses and the dissolution of Austria gave the Ottomans breathing space in the Balkans, allowing the government to reign in the powerful Beys at home. This led to a period of growth at home and expansion into Africa.

十九世纪无疑是奥斯曼帝国的复兴之机，对俄罗斯战争获胜，使其收复了大部分在同盟战争中失去的土地，奥地利解体又给予帝国在巴尔干地区的充分喘息空间，令帝国得以全力经营国内事务，并进入长足发展阶段，同时向非洲扩张势力。

In the beginning of 6th century, under pressure from the Turkish Empire, Avars marched westwards into east Europe, extorted lots of gold and silk from Byzantine Empire with their strong military power in Balkan region, and then controlled the silk trade along the Black Sea.

随着隋朝统一中国北方，突厥帝国失去了利用中国分裂的政治形势来进行丝绸贸易从中获得巨额利润的条件，在隋帝国的军事反击和&远交近攻&的战略面前，突厥帝国无法再从丝绸贸易中获利，从而导致内部矛盾激化，最终分裂为东西两部分，但是隋帝国却没有力量消灭突厥。

From about 550 to 630, the Khazars were ruled by the K?k Turks. They gradually got away from the Western Turkish Empire after the middle of the 7th century and successfully established an independent country. In the early 8th centuries, the Khazars became a formidable political power through outward expansion activities, and finally established a hugeous empire in the southern Russian steppe on the foudation of the Western Turkish Empire's home land.

大约在550年至630年间，哈扎尔人仍处在西突厥帝国的统治之下。7世纪中期以后，他们逐渐摆脱西突厥帝国的统治，建立起自己独立的国家。8世纪初期，哈扎尔人在继承西突厥帝国故地的基础上，通过一系列的对外扩张活动，逐渐发展成为一股强大的政治力量，最终在南俄草原上建立起一个庞大的帝国。

From the nationality, the country and the civilization three stratification planes, this article adopt the special method to study the Khazar history, particularly to solve the problems of the origins of Khazars, the establishment of Khazar nation and the empire's formation, the Khazars converted the Judaism, the politic and economic system of the Khazar Empire, the relationships bewteen the Khazar Empire and the other country and so on, and further discusses the reasons for decline and disintegration of the Khazar Empire and its civilization.

从民族、国家与文明三个层面对其进行专题式研究，重点解决哈扎尔民族的起源、哈扎尔国家的建立和帝国的形成、哈扎尔人皈依犹太教的原因及影响、哈扎尔帝国的政治经济制度、哈扎尔帝国与周边国家的关系等问题，并进一步探讨哈扎尔帝国及其文明衰落与解体的原因。

Accordingly, since even here at Augsburg at the very beginning of the Diet, Your Imperial Majesty caused to be proposed to the Electors, Princes, and other Estates of the Empire, amongst other things, that the several Estates of the Empire, on the strength of the Imperial edict, should set forth and submit their opinions and judgments in the German and the Latin language, and since on the ensuing Wednesday, answer was given to Your Imperial Majesty, after due deliberation, that we would submit the Articles of our Confession for our side on next Wednesday, therefore, in obedience to Your Imperial Majesty's wishes, we offer, in this matter of religion, the Confession of our preachers and of ourselves, showing what manner of doctrine from the Holy Scriptures and the pure Word of God has been up to this time set forth in our lands, dukedoms, dominions, and cities, and taught in our churches.

因此，在这里，因为即使在奥格斯堡在开始时的饮食，您的帝国国王陛下所造成的拟建议选民，王子，和其他的遗产，帝国，除其他事项外，这几个屋的帝国，就实力该帝国的法令，应阐明并提交他们的意见和判断，在德国和拉美语言，并且由于对随后的周三，答案是给您的皇陛下，经过适当的审议，我们会提交的文章我们的自白为我方就下周三，因此，在服从你的皇陛下的愿望，我们提供的，在这个问题上的宗教，供认我们的传教士和自己，表现出何种方式的学说，从圣经和纯上帝的话一直到这个时候提出，在我们的土地， dukedoms ， dominions ，和城市，和教授在我们的教堂。

"The rise and decline of empire," a brief description of the Hun Empire, the Arab Empire, the Mongol Empire, the Byzantine Empire, Mughal Empire, the Ottoman Turkish Empire, the Chinese empire, the rise of seven countries and the decline of the history of track and try from a large Dynasty of ancient information, explore the rise and fall of civilization out of the laws and mysteries of the deep-seated change.

帝国的崛起与没落》简要介绍了匈奴帝国、阿拉伯帝国、蒙古帝国、拜占廷帝国、莫卧儿帝国、奥斯曼土耳其帝国、中华帝国等七国的崛起和没落的历史轨迹，并力图从庞大的古代资料的考析中探索出文明兴亡更迭的深层规律和奥秘。

There are also the Turkomens, stay-behinds from the days when Mosul was the capital of one of the three Ottoman vilayets that were crudely lumped together to form Iraq when the Turkish empire collapsed after the first world war.

还有土库曼人，他们是奥斯曼帝国的遗物，当时摩苏尔还是三个奥斯曼帝国vilayets其中一个的首府，第一次世界大战之后，当土耳其帝国瓦解，这三个行政区被大致揉到一起形成了伊拉克。

In economy, the Old Empire rigidly controlled overseas trade of the colonies, and passed the Navigation Act. This system had been reasonable, but it could not be accommodated to the problem after the Seven Years War. The contradiction between America and Great Britain led to the collapse of the Old Empire.

旧帝国的特征体现在经济方面则是英国对殖民地的对外贸易进行严格限制，英国通过《航海条例》控制了殖民地的生产和贸易，这个体制曾经具有其时代合理性，但是&七年战争&之后，英帝国的形势发生了很大的变化，重商主义殖民政策已经无法解决帝国所面临的难题，英国同美洲殖民地的矛盾越来越大，最终导致了旧帝国的崩溃。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。