市场化

In the paper, the author argues that the development of financial innovation theory and practice since 1990s shows that the relation between innovation and regulation has changed from contradictor to mutualism.

90年代末期以来金融创新理论和实践的发展证明，金融风险也是一种可资利用的"资源"，同样存在着风险的"资源配置"问题。市场化的风险资源配置可以直接节约社会资金资源的占用。

In the economic globalization, financial markets, trade and investment globalization and rapid development of background on how to steadily promote free convertibility of the RMB capital projects of great theoretical and practical significance.

在经济全球化、金融市场化、贸易投资全球化快速发展的背景下，研究如何稳步推进人民币资本项目自由兑换，具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。

The traditional cost-plus pricing does not encourage cost efficiency, and can not meet the requirements of market-oriented reform of public utilities. Therefore, incentive pricing should be introduced into various departments of public utilities, giving an impetus to internal operational efficiency.

公用企业传统的成本加成定价方式，缺少降低成本的激励，与公用企业市场化改革不协调，因此，选择高强度的激励性定价机制应用到公用事业不同领域，增强企业内部经营效率的驱动力。

The conclusion is that the path of Nanjie's institutional change is the outcome of the coevolution, say, competition, constraints, enforcement and transformation between the state and market; the coevolution have three dimensions: benefit, legitimacy and ideology; the path and outcome of institutional change in the process of coevolution are shaped by both the dual process of modernization and marketization in China's social transformation and the path dependence and cultural lag in China's incremental reform strategy: on the one hand, as historical conditions, the proceeding and logic of China's modernization constraint the state and market's institutional choices; on the other hand, under the interplay between the path dependence and cultural lag, the interaction between the state and market can produce various complex combinations, therefore various institutional landscape, even "institutional paradox".

本文认为，高度政治化、高度集体化的南街村体制是国家与市场互动演化，即国家与市场之间相互竞争、制约、强化和改变的结果；国家与市场之间的互动演化有利益、合法性和意识形态等三个维度，而互动演化所造成的制度变迁轨迹和结果则同时受中国社会转型中的现代化进程和市场化进程，以及渐进式改革中的路径依赖和文化堕距的影响：一方面，现代化进程作为一种共同的历史条件制约着国家和市场各自在互动过程中的制度选择；另一方面，在路径依赖和文化堕距的交互作用下，国家与市场之间的互动会形成多种复杂的、犬牙交错的组合，从而塑造出千姿百态的制度景象甚至"悖论"。

With the fast development of China's financial market, the key elements of financialmarket (debenture market, stock market, foreign exchange market and futures market)have developed greatly both in exchange size and varieties exchangeable.

随着中国的金融市场的市场化改革的加速推进，我国的金融市场的重要组成部分债券市场、股票市场、外汇市场和期货市场无论是从规模、还是可以交易的产品品种都得到了空前的发展。

Apart from the preface, the paper can be divided into four sections. Section 1, studies in four aspects: the basis characteristic of the tradition textile industry, the textile industry and regional economic, the advan-ment of the science and technology and the moderniznation of the textile industry. Section 2, addresses the textile of YunNan was in hot water in ninety ages, and why, thereout adopt a series of measures. Section 3, analyses in the textile of VunNan"s chances and challenges in three aspects: acceding to the WTO, actualizing of"the westwards great exploitation and the course of market. Section 4, according to the deciding route of development tactic, bring forward the textile of YuNanThow to debouch the hot water, the emphases and the composition in reason of the development for the future.

全文除序言外，共分四部分：第一部分：主要从传统纺织工业的基本特点、纺织业与区域经济、科技进步与纺织工业现代化三个方面进行了分析；第二部分：从云南纺织工业90年代陷入困境，为何陷入困境及采取的措施进行了分析；第三部分：对加入WTO、实施西部大开发、市场化进程带来的机遇与挑战进行了分析；第四部分：按照已定的发展战略思路，提出云南纺织业如何走出困境，二次创业，今后发展的重点和合理布局。

The application to the marketability of financial instruments and decreasing the unusually non-linear function of the financial market is emphasized.

重点讨论了它在金融工具市场化和在消除金融市场异常非线性作用中的作用。

Firstly relied on the "Principal-Agent" theory, it will go through the microcosmic model analysis of corrupt behavior, including the avail analysis of "Defalcation corrupt behavior" and the equilibrium analysis of "Rent-seeking corrupt behavior", and then it will conclude some important factors which influence the corrupt behavior, such as the probability to be lighted, the salary of the officials, the degree and extent of the punishment and so on.Then it will go deep into the institutional analysis of the complicated corrupt phenomena. Relied on the institutional economics, this text will expound elaborate that during the compelling transformation of institutions, the structure of public power has an essential change. On the one hand, government has given up much public power; on the other hand, the cooperation mode between the government, the market and the society has not been perfected. So on account of the unbalance of public power structure, the disfigurement or blankness of the institutions was one of the vital institutional causes of the corruption.

首先以"委托——代理"理论为依托，对"贪污型腐败行为"和"寻租型腐败行为"进行微观的模型分析，通过对"贪污型腐败行为"的效用分析和"寻租型腐败行为"的均衡分析，推导出影响腐败行为的几个主要因素，如腐败的查处概率、政府官员的薪金、惩罚力度、个人的风险态度、租金的来源、市场主体的自主性、对行贿者的惩戒力度等等；接着对当前普遍而复杂的公共权力腐败现象进行深入的制度分析，运用制度经济学的理论，分析我国在强制性制度变迁过程中公共权力架构发生了本质的转变，政府在市场化的进程中一方面确实下放了很多公共权力，但另一方面市场和社会并没有充分发展起新的协作模式以弥补制度变迁过程中形成的制度缺陷或制度真空，因此，公共权力架构的失衡所形成的制度缺陷或制度空白成为了当前腐败蔓延的制度原因。

Actualization of individual account is a transition of social insurance system from pay-as-you-go and social-planning system to the combination of social planning and individual account. It is desired to deal with the defrayal crisis caused by the increasingly severe situation of aging of the population as well as to realize individual rights to own their own accounts. It is also the prerequisite to the market-oriented investment and operation of the funds in individual accounts in order to preserve and increase the value.

个人账户实账化是实现由现收现付、社会统筹的社会保险制度向社会统筹与个人账户相结合的社会保险制度转变，以应付我国日益严重的人口老龄化带来的支付危机的要求；是实现个人对个人账户权益的需要；是开展个人账户基金市场化投资运营，实现保值增值的前提。

Recently, with the development of market economy and the construction of political democracy, the issue of human right s has been increasingly concerned, among which the freedom of migration has become one of the hottest one in law studies, politics, sociology and demology.

近年来，随着我国经济市场化、政治民主化进程的不断推进，人权特别是具体的人权问题已经被越来越多的人所关注。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。