市场

Second, this research analyzed Chinese tobacco leaf and cigarette production, consumption and international trade, and focused to analyze the cost and revenue of tobacco leaf production, concentration ratio of cigarette market, marketing structure, marketing performance, accretion process in every value chain link ,and the profits allocation of each market body.

然后描述和分析了中国的烟叶和卷烟生产、消费、国际贸易情况，对中国烟叶生产成本收益、卷烟市场集中度、市场结构、市场绩效、价值链各个环节增值过程和各市场主体的利益分配进行重点分析，最后从烟草产业各个环节相互协调的角度提出了整体的发展战略和政策建议。

The allocation problem has never been discussed in traditional circuit theory but has to be settled in electricity market.

输电网损是电力市场运作的成本之一，必须合理地分配给市场中的各个交易或各市场成员，这是传统的电路理论未曾涉及，而现在电力市场必须解决的新问题。

Paper studies the practical stability of electricity market models by tools, for example, the appropriate structure Lyapunov functions, Cauchy matrix, the matrix measure, constant variation. Judging practical stability sufficient conditions and estimating formula of ultimate convergence boundary are provided. Conditions are descriptive by coefficients of models. At the same time, paper studies the Lyapunov stability of the electricity market. As well as the sufficient conditions of judging electricity market Lyapunov stability are provided. Some of conclusions improved the results of Alvarado and others. The conclusion of Lyapunov stability has made a comparative with practical results.

首次将实用稳定性理论和方法应用于电力市场稳定性的研究中，借助于构造合适的Lyapunov函数、柯西矩阵、矩阵测度、常数变易法等工具，系统研究了所建电力市场模型的实用稳定性，得到了用模型的系数来描述其实用稳定性的一系列判定条件和最终收敛边界的估计公式；同时对电力市场的Lyapunov稳定性进行了研究，得到了电力市场稳定性的若干判据，部分结论改进了Alvarado等人的结果；随后将Lyapunov稳定的结果与实用稳定进行了比较。

Chapter two describes recent dry bulk shipping market, and then analyzes international dry bulk shipping market in depth from the angle of iron ore market supply and demand, discussing the factors that would have influence on market supply and demand.

首先从干散货航运市场的特征和要素出发介绍了国际干散货航运市场，介绍了干散货市场中的铁矿石市场的相关因素和现在主要的铁矿石供给需求地区，以及我国在今后一段时间内的铁矿石需求，并对今后数年的铁矿石需求走势进行了定性的分析。

Focusing the measurement of financial risk of extreme, this study empirically investigated the extreme risks of Chinese stock market based the theoretical researches of extreme value and relevant conclusions.This dissertation made an in-depth study on the type and nature of the asymptotic distribution of extreme value.

另外，我国正处在经济转型期，虽已初步建立起以国有商业银行为主体的商业性金融体系，但金融体制的市场改革依然远远滞后于其它经济部门，整体行业受政策影响较大，市场运行机制经常发生变化，金融体系风险非但没有降低，反而不断积聚，金融市场动荡加剧，作为市场经济晴雨表的沪深股票市场频频的巨幅涨跌即清楚地表示了金融体系的震荡状况。

OUTSIDE MARKET DEVELOPMENTS:(6:00 AM CST) With the outlook for the Greece situation seemingly improved by the latest austerity program and equity market action generally upbeat over the last 24 hours, that seems to have left physical commodities like the metals markets in favor.

外部市场发展情况：最新严格的救助项目和过去的24小时里股票市场整体向上，看起来对希腊局势前景的看法有所改善，很可能会把力量转向像金属市场的实体商品市场。

From the microcosmic structure of securities market,the problems of stock market liquidity and bargain amount change were analyzed. The dispersed model of amount dynamic state of bargainers was discussed. By neglecting price change,an appropriate proportion of bargainer quantity of both buyer and seller is the lowest standard of the market liquidity. The time achieving stable market liquidity has relation to parameters for bargainer to leave the stock market. Finally,simulation calculation of bargainer quan...

从证券市场的微观结构角度，对股票市场的流动性及交易数量变动问题进行分析·讨论了交易者数量动态离散模型，在忽略价格变动情况下，指出市场流动性的最低标准是买卖双方的交易者数量有一个恰当的比例，市场达到稳定流动性的时间与描述离开股市交易者的参数有关·最后给出股市交易者数量变动的仿真计算

When investors are in the treasury secondary market, they have to undertake two kinds of risks: the first one is yield risk, that is, return of investment is lower than inflation rate. This risk can be depicted as the deviation between the ROI and the inflation rate. Secondly, fluctuation risk in the treasury secondary market, that is, the uncertain fluctuation risk may be bullish or bearish in the treasury market.This risk can be depicted as the square deviation of the treasury price in the secondary market.

在国债现货二级市场上的投资者，要承担的风险主要有两种：第一种风险是收益率风险，也就是投资收益率可能低于通货膨胀率的风险，这种风险可以用与通货膨胀率相比较的差值的大小来描述；第二种风险是二级市场价格波动性风险，也就是市场价格上、下波动的不确定性风险，这种风险可以用二级市场价格的标准差来描述。

Market respect: Middleman near future holds goods to wait for more go up, shipment is not much, the city after be opposite holds hopeful state of mind, the stock up before partial businessman section did not go out, section hind is purchased somewhat again, money is managed in the hand more, overall for, at present suitable anhydride market has certain supply of goods, but manufacturer and middleman cherish goods sell, market of predicting later period is small go tall to come after the psychological price of manufacturer and middleman, market supply of goods is met somewhat grow in quantity, short-term inside the space that arranges anhydride to still small go tall.

市场方面：中间商近期多持货待涨，出货不多，对后市持乐观心态，部分商家节前备货没出，节后又有所采购，手中持货较多，总体来说，目前偏苯三酸酐市场有一定货源，但厂家及中间商惜货出售，预计后期市场小幅走高至厂家和中间商的心理价位之后，市场货源会有所增多，短期内偏苯三酸酐仍有小幅走高的空间。

Although hasten of near future of upriver cooking benzene is firm, but the range that the market rises is not big, each manufacturer is maintained more move smoothly, the amplitude modulation on shipment price is lesser, to suitable anhydride market prop up gradually firm, if crude benzole market goes high further, driving the possibility that cooking benzene rises is not to do not have, the crude benzole stock of manufacturer of each cooking benzene and benzene hydrogenation manufacturer is not at present much, the crop of cooking benzene is not big, market supply of goods is not much, do not eliminate small to walk along high probability.

虽然上游焦化苯近期趋稳，但市场上涨的幅度不大，各厂家多维持平稳运行，出货价格上调幅度较小，对偏苯三酸酐市场的支撑渐稳，若粗苯市场进一步走高，推动焦化苯上涨的可能性不是没有，目前各焦化苯厂家和苯加氢厂家的粗苯库存并不多，焦化苯的产量不大，市场货源不多，不排除小幅走高的可能。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。