巴黎公社

Anarchism advocated by Mikhail Bakunin is one of the main anti-Marxism thoughts during the First International period. He set up the Socialist Democratic League and advocated'abolition of all right of inheritance','abolition of the notion of country'and'defiance of authority', and attacked the Paris Community, which has brought great damage and negative effects to the Workers'Movement.

巴枯宁的无政府主义是第一国际时期主要的反马克思主义思潮之一，他所组建的"社会主义民主同盟"、所宣扬的"废除继承权"、"废除国家"、"反对权威"以及对巴黎公社的攻击等给当时的工人运动带来了极大的影响和危害，为了揭示其无政府主义的本质，清除其对工人运动的影响，马克思与其进行了长期的、艰苦的、复杂的斗争。

The failure of the Paris Commune for many reasons.

巴黎公社失败的原因是多方面的。

Basing on the theory of utopian socialism, Marx and Engels summarized the experience of the Paris Commune, and clarified the constitutional thoughts of power ascription, configuration, operation and supervision in the process of exploring and criticizing the essence and deceptiveness of the bourgeois constitutionalism.

马克思恩格斯在空想社会主义理论的基础上，在深刻揭露和批判资产阶级的宪法思想的阶级本质及其虚伪性的过程中，及时总结巴黎公社的基本经验，阐明了关于国家权力的归属、配置、运行和监督的宪法思想。

At this point, master of the Central Committee of the City of Paris, an armed uprising to overthrow the regime in Thiers, and achieved great success. March 28, was the Paris Commune elections, a large number of workers, socialists and internationalists took part in the Paris Commune leadership, a new proletarian state power was born. Paris Commune

至此，中央委员会掌握了巴黎全城，武装起义推翻了梯也尔政权，取得了伟大成功。3月28日，巴黎公社进行了普选，一大批工人、社会主义者和国际主义者参加了巴黎公社领导机构，一个崭新的无产阶级国家政权诞生了。

Paris, past and present, he said. You look like communards.

313&过去和现在的巴黎，&他说，&你们活像是巴黎公社社员。&

A part of "The Wall of the Communards" still stands; and the sculptured faces that peer from it are at once a challenge to capitalist rule and a monument to the martyrs of the Commune.

那些一度雕刻在墙上的、后来被剥落的公社社员们的脸，是对资本主义秩序的挑战，也是巴黎公社烈士的纪念碑。

In particular, as Marx pointed out, the Communards failed to march immediately on the stronghold of the counter-revolution, in the nearby city of Versailles; and so the counter-revolution was able to gather its strength, march on Paris, and deliver the death-blow to the Commune, slaughtering thousands of its most determined fighters in the process.

尤其如马克思所指出的，巴黎公社的公社社员们没有乘热打铁拿下凡尔赛城这个临近的反革命据点，此后一旦反革命势力积聚了力量，他们便反攻巴黎，将死亡风暴吹到了巴黎公社，导致成千上万最坚定的革命战士在战斗中被屠杀。

At the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, the Third Republic was established (once during the emergence of the world's first proletarian regime - the Paris Commune), a republican system until 1940 was Germany in World War II Occupation.

在普法战争结束后的1870年，第三共和国宣告成立（期间曾一度出现了全球第一个无产阶级政权——巴黎公社），这一次共和体制一直持续到1940年在第二次世界大战中被德国占领。

Since the start of the intifada, has been in the reactionary armed forces surrounded.

巴黎公社自起义开始，就一直处在反动军队的包围之中。

The Paris Commune was a first great attempt to scale the heights of human emancipation, and it was a harbinger of the future, but it lacked the necessary leadership and was not guided by the necessary scientific understanding to be able to withstand the inevitable counter-revolutionary onslaughts of the forces of the old order and then to carry out a thoroughgoing transformation of society, in all spheres: economic, social, political, cultural, and ideological.

巴黎公社是人类第一次尝试去丈量人类解放的高度，它也是人类对未来的一个预示，但是它缺乏必要的领导，也没有得到必要的科学指导以便抵御旧秩序不可避免的反革命冲击，从而在社会的各个领域：经济、社会、政治、文化和思想里进行彻底的变革。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。