已清偿的

For the purpose of avoiding vexatious litigation, the parties are sometimes deterred by pecuniary penalties, and sometimes by an oath which is imposed by the Pr?tor. In certain cases an action for double damages is brought against a defendant; for instance, in the collection of a judgment debt, or for money expended for a principal, or for unlawful damage to property, or where proceedings are instituted to collect legacies left by condemnation. In some instances, the deposit of a forfeit is permitted to be made, for example, in an action

对于持否认态度地人，在某些情况下规定了双倍诉讼，比如，当因已决案、已清偿物、非法损害或者间接遗赠等问题而被诉时，在某些情况下，允许作出承诺，比如：当因借贷确定数额的钱款或者关于钱款的债务协议而被诉时；然而，在借贷确定数额的钱款的情况下，罚金未三分之一，在关于钱款的债务协议的情况，为二分之一。

In the Civil Law Family,the collateral guarantor'srights of defense mainly are related to the invalidity of the underlying contract,the revocability of the underlying contract,the right of offset,the concurrentconditions,"Einrede der Unsicherkei",the invalidity of the guarantee contract.the period of validity,the special terms of immunity from the guarantor's liabilityand beneficiam excussionis.Under the case law of the Common Law Family,thesituations in which the collateral guarantor can claim the rights of defense mainlyinclude the situation of non-fulfillment of the guarantee condition,the situationrelated to the extent of guarantor's liability,the situation under which the creditordidn't perform his obligations,the situation related to the appropriation ofpayments,the situations related to fulfillment of purpose of guarantee,thesituation related to the creditor's laches,the situation related to the loss ofsecurities held by the creditor,the situation related to the discharge of theprincipal debtor,the situation related to the creditor connivance in the default ofthe principal,the situation related to the discharge arising by operation of law andthe situation related to the fiduciary duty.

大陆法系中，从属保证人对债权人的抗辩权主要有：主债务无效抗辩权、主债务可撤销抗辩权、抵销抗辩权、同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权、保证合同无效抗辩权、保证期间抗辩权、特殊免责抗辩权以及先诉抗辩权等；根据英美法系国家的判例法，从属保证人能够主张抗辩权的情形主要有：保证责任条件不成就的抗辩、关于保证责任范围的抗辩、债权人不履行义务的抗辩、关于债务清偿分配的抗辩、保证目的已实现的抗辩、关于债权人懈怠的抗辩、关于债权人享有的担保权益丧失的抗辩、债务人的债务免除抗辩、债权人对债务人违约纵容的抗辩、法律适用导致保证责任解除的抗辩、就信托义务原则提出的抗辩。

The effects of bill hypothecation include: the proving effects of right, it is the analyses about the way that the holder proves that he is the owner of the right according to the endorsement; the effect of stopping the countervailing power, it is the analyses about the way of stopping the apply of the obligator's right of defense against the pledger; the effect of transfer endorsement, i

文章的第四部分，对票据质押权人实现质权的方式做出解释和分析，1、向付款人请求付款，是主债务未到期而票据已到期时，票据质押人作为主债权人，即可以依背书的连续性证明自己权利的存在，持票据提示付款人付款的问题。2、行使票据追索权，是付款请求权的一种补充或保障性的权利，作为第二次请求权有效地起到了保障票据债权流通、票据制度规范运行的作用。3、票据届期与其所担保的债权的届期问题，由于票据的到期日与其所担保的债权的期限有所不同，所以在票据债权的实现上有异，现实中票据的到期日与其所担保的债权的期限的不同，本文就票据所担保的债权与票据的到期日同时届期、票据的到期日先于被担保债权的期限到达、票据到期日后于被担保债权的清偿期到达，这样三种情况进行分析。

Corporate has been dissolved but not liquidated or unliquidated completed, assets were not sufficient to retirement of debt, liquidation in accordance with the law has the duty to the people's court should be people filed for bankruptcy liquidation.

3B*fS4y8Pl：LQ1企业法人已解散但未清算或者未清算完毕，资产不足以清偿债务的，依法负有清算责任的人应当向人民法院申请破产清算。

Thanks to $50 billion in federal loans for GM and $16 billion for Chrysler and the government-supervised "quick rinse" bankruptcies that magically made unsupportable liabilities disappear, both companies emerged from Chapter 11 after little more than 40 days, leaner, fitter and supposedly ready to fight another day.

多亏了给通用的500亿美元联邦贷款，以及给克莱斯勒的160亿美元贷款，再加上政府监管下的"快速清理"式破产使得那些无法清偿的债务魔法般地消失了，两家公司只用了40多天时间就从11号法案中重生了，更精干、更高效，而且据说已准备好再次投入战斗。

However, these conventional functions can not satisfy new demands; the asset backed securitization burgeoned with merits of higher liquidity and diversification of risk due to long term of asset.

但传统金融形态已无法满足多元化的融资与投资需要，为了提高资产流动性与降低清偿期的持有风险，资产证券化商品应运而生。

1 Speak tenderly to Jerusalem, and proclaim to her that her service is at an end, her guilt is expiated; Indeed, she has received from the hand of the LORD double for all her sins.

你们应向耶路撒冷说宽心的话，并向她宣告：她的苦役已满期，她的罪债已清偿，因为她为了自己的一切罪过，已由上主手中承受了双倍的惩罚。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。