差分法

The first model is the optimization problems with s linear objective function subject to a system of fuzzy relation equations and a system of fuzzy relation inequalities, which are solved by using path method and 0-1 integer programming with branch and bound method.

第一种为约束为模糊关系方程和模糊关系不等式的具有线性目标函数的优化问题，采用路径法及0-1整数规划中的分枝定界法对其求解；第二种为约束为模糊关系方程和模糊关系不等式的格线性规划问题，采用直接法、路径法及0-1整数规划法对其求解；第三种为模糊关系不等式为模糊的，即约束中有一个可接受的容差，采用容差法及正负理想法对其求解；第四种是一种新的可能性模糊线性规划问题，采用模糊数大小比较法、"切片-粘贴"法及正负理想法，并设计了随机模拟的遗传算法对其求解；第五种为期望值模型，利用期望值将其转化为清晰约束系数的线性规划问题的方法。

Curing kinetics for two kinds of isomeric compound different proportion BPF-epoxy resin/MeTHPA/DMP-30 system is studied by means of differential scanning calorimetryand the extreme value method.

利用差示扫描量热法和极值法对两种同分异构体分布不同的双酚F环氧树脂/甲基四氢苯酐/DMP-30体系固化动力学进行了研究，求得了体系的固化动力学参数，并对同分异构体分布与固化特性之间的关系进行了初步讨论。

Remove row and column' and 'put a big number' have been used for the first boundary;a continuous Regional Identification Function is used on the basis of non-variant nodal virtual flux method for the free surface boundary;Gauss formula is used to make the curved surface integral of the free surface boundary transformed as the difference between volumn integral and other curved surface integral to calculate the integral item on boundaries, which avoiding finding the position of free surface, while the continuous Regional Identification Function is applied to calculate volumn integral and surface integral;Crout and PCG method is used for solusion.

对于已知水头边界，采用"去行去列法"和"置大数法"进行处理；对于自由面穿过的单元，在固定网格节点虚流量法的基础上，引入连续的区域识别函数；对于非稳定渗流中自由面边界积分项，采用高斯公式将求自由面的面积分转化为求体积分与其他面积分之差，避免了求自由面的具体位置，同时在计算体积分和面积分时采用连续的区域识别函数；在解法上，采用直接解法和PCG法。

The difference is found between DD and the master event technique, multiplet relative relocation as well as the hypocentroid decomposition, the condition that span between events is much less than the event-station distance is must be satisfied for latter but not for former when the velocity lateral heterogeneity is not so strong.

研究认为：双差法与主事件法、多重相对定位法以及震源矩心分解法不同，在速度变化较弱的地区它并不需要满足事件之间的距离远小于事件到台站距离这个条件。

The first one is to generate the circle for each borderline segment of the component by considering the segment length and the prescribed tolerance value. If this is not the case, the borderline segment will be equally divided into halves until the obtained circle satisfies the tolerance value over the whole borderlines of the component. The basic idea of the last two algorithms aims at covering the domain occupied by the component as much as possible. The circle generation is carried out sequentially from salient angle to the sector formed by the salient angle till the uncovered borderline segments of the component. Particularly, the three-step algorithm with gap allows that the generated circles are distributed with gap along the component contour.

二分法利用组件各边长度和设置的容差大小得到该边的候选包络圆，若该圆不满足组件所有边的容差要求，则将该边不断地对分，直至所得到的包络圆满足各边的容差要求；三步划分法和带间隙的改进三步划分法则以组件区域为划分对象，依次对组件多边形凸顶角、凸扇形区和多边形各边剩余线段划分包络圆，且带间隙的改进三步划分法则允许包络圆在组件边界上以适当的间隙分布。

After statistics revealed that Mr Shipman spike team 10 points is still the highest, accounting for 39 of the Chinese women's volleyball team at the 1 / 4 as many as the first Brazilian team than the attacker has only比亚娜font Law 3 hours, but the data behind it is in the doldrums, Mr Shipman's smash hit rate, but she is the second mass and free people, the Chinese women's volleyball team scored the only play, play time for her to get the highest team provided a guarantee for hours.

赛后技术统计显示，薛明扣球10分依然是全队最高，占了中国女排全队39分的1/4之多，比巴西队的第一攻手副攻法比亚娜也只差了3分，但这个数据背后，却是薛明低迷的扣球命中率，而且她也是二传和自由人外，中国女排唯一打满全场的队员，出场时间为她拿到全队最高分提供了保障。

In this paper,a two dimension variation method is applied to compute tensile fracture surface fractal dimensions of a grain composite material LDPE/CaCO 3,and set the relationship of tensile fracture surface fractal dimensions and tensile ultimate stress and material filler weight content percent .

应用计算断口表面分形维数的二维变差法，计算了颗粒复合材料LDPE／CaCO3拉伸断口的分形维数，并且建立了断口分形维数与强度极限和填料颗粒含量之间的关系。

Remove row and column' and 'put a big number' have been used for the first boundary;a continuous Regional Identification Function is used on the basis of non-variant nodal virtual flux method for the free surface boundary;Gauss formula is used to make the curved surface integral of the free surface boundary transformed as the difference between volumn integral and other curved surface integral to calculate the integral item on boundaries, which avoiding finding the position of free surface, while the continuous Regional Identification Function is applied to calculate volumn integral and surface integral;Crout and PCG method is used for solusion.

对于已知水头边界，采用&去行去列法&和&置大数法&进行处理；对于自由面穿过的单元，在固定网格节点虚流量法的基础上，引入连续的区域识别函数；对于非稳定渗流中自由面边界积分项，采用高斯公式将求自由面的面积分转化为求体积分与其他面积分之差，避免了求自由面的具体位置，同时在计算体积分和面积分时采用连续的区域识别函数；在解法上，采用直接解法和PCG法。

With methods of limited areas, root systems of plant individuals were limited in a specific range, providing definite spatial boundary and solid basis for calculation of water requirement needed by plant individuals. On the basis of calculation of amount of water requirement, areas needed by every species to ensure enough water requirement are as follows: Populus simonii is 80.3m〓, Ulmus macrocarpa is 35. 4m〓, Artemisia halodendron is 7. 0m〓, Salix gordejvii is 11. 2m〓. Prunus armeniaca is 15. 2m〓, and Caragana microphylla is 15. 6m〓. The corresponding rational density of plantation which can maintain soil water balance and can ensure plantation stability is 125 individuals/ha for Populus simonii, 285 individuals/ha for Ulmus macrocarpa, 625 individuals/ha for Prunus armeniaca, 625 individuals/ha for Caragana microphylla, 833 individuals/ha for Salix gordejvii, and 1428 individuals/ha for Artemisia halodendron, respectively.

运用有限面积法将植物根系限制在明确的边界内，为植物耗水量的计算提供了一个明确的空间边界范围和可靠的基础，探索性和尝试性地得出了近似野外真实状态下植物个体的耗水量，以此为基础计算得出小叶锦鸡儿、山杏、黄柳、差巴嘎蒿、榆树、杨树等树种的水分营养面积分别是15.6m〓、15.2m〓、11.2m〓、7.0m〓、35.4m〓和80.3m〓，与此对应的能够维持林地土壤水分平衡和林分稳定性的各树种人工林的合理密度为：杨树125株/公顷，榆树285株/公顷，杏树625株/公顷，小叶锦鸡儿625株/公顷，黄柳833株/公顷，差巴嘎蒿1428株/公顷。

This model is solved by the combination of the finite-difference numerical method and the Laplace transformation method.

运用有限差分数值计算方法，并结合Laplace 变换法对该传热模型进行了求解。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。