差

The basic diagnostic statistics such as Cook distance, generalized leverage and residuals et al. are introduced, and the equivalency of case deletion model and mean-shift outlier model is investigated. Some specific problems, such as local influence analysis and the test for heteroscedasticity are discussed. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate our diagnostic methods.

首先，证明了均值漂移模型与数据点删除模型的等价性定理并定义了残差、Cook距离等诊断统计量；其次，研究了异常点的Score检验统计量；第三，研究了该模型的局部影响分析，得到了局部影响分析的曲率度量；第四，研究了该模型的异方差检验问题，得到了检验异方差的Score检验统计量和修正的Score检验统计量；最后，通过实例分析验证了这些诊断方法的有效性。

Compacted with typical spectrometers as Ebert-Fastie spectrometer, Czerny-Turner spectrometer and Aberration corrected concave holographic grating spectrometer, we are going to do detail research especially on their working theory, structural parameters and function, such as the source of stray light, the analysis of signal to noise ratio, the placing of detector, aberration's theory, aberration's caculation and it's elimination.

结合比较典型的Ebert-Fastie型光谱仪、Czerny-Turner型光谱仪及凹面像差校正全息光栅光谱仪进行了详细分析，尤其对它们的工作原理、结构参数和性能指标进行了深入分析，如杂散光的来源、信噪比的分析及其改善方法、探测器的置放、像差理论、像差计算及其消除的办法。

There are two methods of detecting gross error, one is to include the grosserror in numerical model and the other is to include the gross error in stochastic model.

粗差检测方法有把粗差归入函数模型的检测方法，也有把粗差归入随机模型的检测方法。

Unlike the previous method, however, the proposed algorithm obtains the new transformed matrix by taking the conjugate operation to the forward and backward spatial smoothing covariance matrix of the received data, so that the modified covariance differencing matrix which is a Hermitian matrix of zero real part can lower the computation load effectively during the eigenvalue decomposition.

不同于以前的算法，提出的算法通过对接收数据的前后向空间平滑协方差矩阵进行共轭运算得到新的变换矩阵，因此修正后的协方差差分矩阵是个实部为零的厄米特矩阵，从而有效地降低了特征分解过程的计算量。

The malignant tumors included osteogenic osteosarcoma,metastasis tumor(six patients,two with pathologic fractures),chondrosarcoma,malignant fibrous histiocytoma (three patients,one with pathologic fracture),fibrosarcoma,and solitary myeloma.all patients received limb savage procedure with custom knee prosthesis including sevnteen cases of hinge joint and twenty?

结果 9 例良性肿瘤患者1 例失访，1 例死于其他不相关疾病，其余7 例病人随访时膝关节功能按Enneking制定的标准进行评定，优5 例，良1 例，差1 例，保肢成功率为100％；29 例恶性骨肿瘤患者，骨肉瘤患者失访7 例，2 例患者术后局部复发，行截肢术；其余20 例患者生存期间膝关节功能优10 例，良4 例，差6 例。7 例效果评价差的病人为有6 例为铰链式膝关节假体。

The malignant tumors included osteogenic osteosarcoma,metastasis tumor(six patients,two with pathologic fractures),chondrosarcoma,malignant fibrous histiocytoma (three patients,one with pathologic fracture),fibrosarcoma,and solitary myeloma.all patients received limb savage procedure with custom knee prosthesis including sevnteen cases of hinge joint and twentyone cases of posterior stability joints.Results One of nine patients with benign tumors was lost for followedup,one patient died of unrelated disease,the remained patients have excellent function in five patients,good function in one case,and one poor according to the Enneking evaluating system.the limb salvage rate was 100％.Seven patients were lost for followedup in twentynine of malignant tumors,two patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma received amputation due to local recurrence nine months postoperatively.Ten patients had excellent function,four good and six poor among the followedup patients.The type of prosthesis in six of all patients with poor function was hinge.

结果 9 例良性肿瘤患者1 例失访，1 例死于其他不相关疾病，其余7 例病人随访时膝关节功能按Enneking制定的标准进行评定，优5 例，良1 例，差1 例，保肢成功率为100％；29 例恶性骨肿瘤患者，骨肉瘤患者失访7 例，2 例患者术后局部复发，行截肢术；其余20 例患者生存期间膝关节功能优10 例，良4 例，差6 例。7 例效果评价差的病人为有6 例为铰链式膝关节假体。

A method for heteroscedastic analysis is presented, which includes the homoscedastic and the heteroscedastic analysis of different means.

提出一种异方差分析方法，包括异均值方差分析和异均值异方差分析。

A heteroscedasticity regression analysis method for censored data is presented,and it extends the traditional regression analysis,which is only suitable to complete and homoscedasticity data,to censored and heteroscedastic data.

提出截尾数据异方差回归分析方法，将传统的只适用于同方差和完全数据的回归分析推广到异方差和截尾数据的情况。

And in the future, more IGS products with increased precision and timeliness will be provide by IGS.

而在卫星钟差估计或精密单点定位中，钟差是作为未知参数处理，这时必须顾及钟差的随机模型。

In this paper, a high order accuracy difference method is presented for solving unsteady convection diffusion equation by using Implicit Perturbation Finite Difference scheme.

本文利用摄动差分思想，对定常对流扩散方程中的空间微商系数进行摄动展开，展开幂级数系数通过消去摄动格式修正微分方程的截断误差项求出，由此获得方程的隐式摄动差分格式，将此方法应用于非定常对流扩散方程，并加以修正，得到该方程的修正隐式摄动差分格式。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。