巩膜的

The relative positional changes between scleral spur and angle apex in diseased eyes indicate that the poor development of scleral spur and the iris anterior insertion are the basic pathogenesis in PIG.

PIG患儿的巩膜突与房角顶点相对位置的改变，提示巩膜突发育不良或虹膜附着点靠前，这是原发性婴幼儿型青光眼发病的病理基础。

Methods Thirty-five patients with refractory glaucoma were involved in this prospective and random trial at such high risks as neovascular, uveitis, aphakia, pseudophakic, and young ages. Complex trabeculectomy with single-layer AMT under the scleral flap was performed in 18 eyes and complex trabeculectomy without AMT in 17 eyes.

采用前瞻性随机对照临床试验研究，包括35例（35眼）具有高危因素如新生血管、葡萄膜炎、无晶状体、人工晶状体和发育性的难治性青光眼。18例行复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下单层AMT，17例行复合式小梁切除术。

Buffy positive reaction product was observed in cytoplasm, which confirmed the cultured cells were scleral fibroblast cells.

胞浆内可见棕黄色阳性反应产物，证实所培养的细胞为巩膜成纤维细胞。

Expressed sclera and/or conjunctiva pathology in the measuring area.

测量区域明显的巩膜和/或结膜病理情况

This condition is an inflammation of the outer coating of the white of the eye, called the episclera.

巩膜外层的细小血管发炎，扩张，该区域变红。也会引起疼痛和敏感。

Episcleritis may be the initial sign of a systemic disorder, although less then 10% of the patients with episcleritis have an apparent predisposing condition.

上巩膜炎可能是全身性疾病的初症兆，虽然有明显因果关系者约10%，但有一半伴随著全身性疾病。

We started treatment with Benzathine penicillin (2.4 million units intramuscular per week × 3 weeks) without steroid eye drop supplement and his episcleritis resolved gradually. Syphilitic episcleritis was diagnosed.

经过连续三周每周二百四十万单位的盘尼西林肌肉下注射且无类固醇药物给予，上巩膜炎症状逐渐缓解，经追踪检查一年后并无复发。

Because transient increases in choroidal thickness are followed by a prolonged decrease in synthesis of extracellular matrix molecules and a slowing of ocular elongation, and attempts to decouple the choroidal and scleral changes have largely failed, it seems that the thickening of the choroid may be mechanistically linked to the scleral synthesis of macromolecules, and thus may play an important role in the homeostatic control of eye growth, and, consequently, in the etiology of myopia and hyperopia.

由于细胞外基质分子合成持续减少以及眼轴变长减缓，脉络膜厚度瞬间增加，对脉络膜和巩膜变化的缓慢调节彻底失败，脉络膜增厚可能与巩膜合成大分子机械性联系在一起，因此它可能在眼生长稳态的控制方面发挥了重要作用，而且，也可能是近视和远视的病因。

11 guinea pigs which were successfully induced myopias were extracted eyeballs, and the scleras near posterior poles were observed by immunohistochemistry methods. The positive rates of TGF-β〓 and bFGF in scleral fibroblast cytoplasma and the area percentageratio of positive cells were calculated and contrasted to controlled eyes.

将透镜诱导近视成功的11只豚鼠处死，摘除眼球，取后极部巩膜分别进行TGF-β〓和bFGF的免疫组织化学染色，观察它们在巩膜组织成纤维细胞胞浆中中表达的阳性率和阳性细胞所占面积的百分比，并与对照眼进行比较。

11 guinea pigs which were successfully induced myopias were extracted eyeballs, and the scleras near posterior poles were observed by immunohistochemistry methods. The positive rates of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in scleral fibroblast cytoplasma and the area percentageratio of positive cells were calculated and contrasted to controlled eyes.

将透镜诱导近视成功的11只豚鼠处死，摘除眼球，取后极部巩膜分别进行MMP-2和TIMP-2的免疫组织化学染色，观察它们在巩膜组织成纤维细胞胞浆中表达的阳性率和阳性细胞所占面积的百分比，并与对照眼进行比较。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。