工艺过程

The information integrated pattern based on PDM/PLM in the course ofmanufacture is put forward. Under the constraints of building CAPP platform, thearchitecture of CAPP platform is established. The models of decision making andfunction for process planning are given. Then the development means of CAPP basedSmarTeam are extracted.3. The structure of modular product life cycle is established. Toward the divisionand planning of the General Modules oriented product family, theCAD/CAPP integrated model of flexible module based on feature and CAD/CAPPmapping model based on process planning match board are set up. The keytechnologies of Solidworks/SmarTeam/CAPP integration are studies.4. From the point of view of process match board and step match board, theprocess of creating to process planning match board is studied. As an example, themachining process planning of up beam of hydraulic press machines is used tointroduce the establishment of process planning match board by means of inferencebased on expert knowledge. The organize model about the process planning matchboard oriented product family is brought forward.5. The multi-decision methods of CAPP system based on analytic hierarchy aregiven.. On the basis of uniform data model, the sub-machining process planning ofpart is auto-created by means of analytic hierarchy, The step decision methods basedon AHP is put forward.6. For the design/manufacture information in the course of product life cycle, thetree structure based on Object-Oriented and static model based UML are founded. Themethod of establishing design/manufacture information management system isbrought forward. The commercial PLM software—SmarTeam is regarded asdevelopment platform, on basis of which, the design/manufacture informationmanagement system is built, and the multi-view mapping technique ofdesign/manufacture information model is studies.7. A computer-aided CAPP platform based on PDM/PLM is founded, and itsstructure, function, work flow is illustrated. Some example of the system areintroduced.

阐述课题提出的目的和意义，明确了本文研究的主要内容。2、提出基于PDM/PLM的制造过程信息化集成模式；在平台式CAPP系统的设计约束模型基础上，构建了平台式CAPP系统的体系结构；并给出工艺决策模型和功能模型；最后提出基于SmarTeam的CAPP开发模式和实现策略。3、建立模块化产品生命周期模型的组织结构；针对面向产品族的广义模块的划分和规划方法，建立基于特征的柔性模块CAD/CAPP集成模型及基于工艺模板的CAD/CAPP映射模型；研究Solidworks/SmarTeam/CAPP集成的关键技术。4、从工序模板和工步模板的角度研究了工艺模板的创建过程；以液压机上梁模块机加工为例，采用基于专家知识的推理技术实现了工艺模板的创成；提出了面向产品族的工艺模板分层结构树的组织模式。5、提出基于分层规划的多模式工艺决策流程；在统一数据模型的基础上，从特征层和零件层分层规划，实现了零件加工子工艺的自动创成；提出基于AHP的工步排序决策方法。6、针对产品生命周期中的设计/制造信息，建立了面向对象的类树结构和基于UML的静态结构模型；提出基于PDM/PLM软件的设计/制造信息管理系统的构建方法；以商品化PLM软件SmarTeam作为开发平台，开发了基于SmarTeam的设计/制造信息管理原型系统；研究设计/制造信息模型多视图映射机制。7、开发了基于PDM/PLM的平台式CAPP原型系统，构建了系统的功能模型，并对系统的主要功能进行说明，给出系统的运行实例。

The mold is made of the silicone pattern layer with a quartz supporting plate. The parameters in a vacuum casting process and a hardening process for composing the silicone are optimized to improve the physical properties of the mold to keep adequate demold and pattern accuracy.

分析了硅橡胶模具制作工艺中真空辅助浇铸的成型过程，以及交联固化反应过程的各个工艺参数对硅橡胶模具性能的影响，通过大量实验，具体分析了硅橡胶单体和固化剂配比、浇铸真空压力、固化温度及固化时间等工艺参数，并由此得到了优化的硅橡胶固化工艺参数，提高了硅橡胶模具的物理性能。

This thesis expatiates on the theory and architecture and primary content of Reusable Design technology and Reusable Process Design technology, study the feasibility and practicability of some important technology about Reusable Process Design, adopt a special knowledge representation to describe reusable process design information and make use of "FenHua "to realize knowledge acquisition about fuzzy knowledge.Craft database system is the mostly important support of CAPP (Computer Aided Process Planning) system. To some extent, the essence of process design is a process that craft data is visited, used, dealt with and generated. This thesis expatiates on data base design technology. Based on the detailed analysis of the craft data"s characteristic and sort and the craft database"s component part, the author build craft database through detailed conceptual design and logical design and physical design for data base.the application and research of Web database technology becomes increasingly wide, which can make a close combination between Database technology and Web technology.

本文阐述了基于知识复用的可复用设计技术与可复用工艺设计技术的理论、体系结构与主要研究内容，研究了可复用工艺设计中的若干关键技术的可行性、实用性，采用了三表知识表示来描述工艺知识及利用"分划"的方法对灰色知识进行知识获取；工艺数据库系统是计算机辅助工艺设计系统的重要支撑系统，从某种程度将，工艺设计的实质就是对工艺数据库中工艺数据的访问、调用、处理和生成新的数据的过程，本文阐述了数据库系统设计技术，在详细分析工艺数据的特点、分类以及工艺数据库的数据库组成的基础上，通过对工艺数据库概念结构、逻辑结构、物理结构等几个方面的详细的分析与设计，建立了系统工艺数据库； Web数据库将数据库技术和Web技术很好的融合在一起，其应用研究日益广泛。

This paper analyzes the principle of the LP-LFC process,presents the physical and mathematical models of mould filling of the new process. The patterns including window-plate, ladders cluster, electromotor frame and exhausting manifolds are poured using LP-LFC process with AZ91D alloy, and the mould filling course is tracked with electrode touch point method. Based on above tests and experiments,the casting defects including short runs, cold laps, trapped gas,metal penetration, and so on, were investigated. The appearance characteristics,birth causes and influence factors of above defects are discussed in the article,diagrammatize modes of the defects forming is also given, and the measures of reducing or avoiding defects are put forward.

本论文分析了低压消失模铸造技术的工艺原理，建立了低压消失模铸造过程中金属液充型的物理和数学模型；在各种工艺条件下浇注了薄板窗体、阶梯模样簇、电机外壳和发动机排气管四个典型的模样和产品，用电极触点法记录了镁合金低压消失模铸造的充型过程；试验研究了镁合金低压消失模铸造中出现的浇不足、冷隔、气孔、粘砂等典型缺陷，分析了这些缺陷的形貌特征、形成原因及影响因素，给出了缺陷形成过程的图解模型，提出了减少和消除缺陷的工艺措施。

On the basis of summarizing separation method of acetic acid-water system, we studied the azeotropic distillation process of acetic acid-water system, selecting butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isopropyl acetate as entrainers. The influence of packing height, ratio of water to entrainer and acetic acid initial concentration to separation effect of azeotropic distillation was studied in detail. Simulation calculations of general distillation and azeotropic distillation were carried out. The influence of reflux ratio, theoretical plate, feed position, feed temperature and feed concentration to distillation process were discussed. Preferred process operation parameter, which had guiding meaning to practical production of distillation process were obtained. Basic data for the process amplifying design of azeotropic distillation tower were provided. Invest and operation energy consumption of two distillation methods were compared. The elementary technical design of azeotropic distillation tower was carried out on the basis of result of simulation calculation. The type of major auxiliary equipments and inner parts of packed tower were selected.The research results are as follows:(1) Butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isopropyl acetate could be selected as entrainer, and separation effect was near.

本文在综述醋酸-水体系分离方法的基础上，以醋酸丁酯、醋酸异丁酯、醋酸异丙酯为挟带剂，对醋酸水溶液进行共沸精馏过程研究，详细研究了填料高度、水与挟带剂的配比、醋酸初始浓度等对共沸精馏分离效果的影响；对醋酸-水体系进行普通精馏和共沸精馏过程模拟计算，讨论了回流比、理论板、进料位置、进料温度和浓度对精馏过程的影响，获得了对醋酸-水体系精馏过程实际生产具有指导意义的较佳的工艺操作参数、共沸精馏塔的工艺设计放大的基础数据，并对两种精馏方法的投资、操作能耗进行了比较；同时在共沸精馏模拟计算的基础上进行了共沸精馏塔的初步工艺设计计算，并对填料塔的主要辅助设备及塔内件进行了初步选型。

Analysing the characteristics of the technology equipment for making the rectangle spline broach and the data for the rectangle spline broach"s technological design, selecting a programme for realization CAPP systems which is based on the management by data base, this CAPP system is composed of these models: the model of calculating the semi-finished product"s dimensions, the model of filling the manufacture process form, the model of filling the working procedure

分析了矩形花键拉刀制造过程中工艺装备的特点及其工艺设计所需要的各种资料和数据，选用了基于数据库的后台管理模式的由毛坯尺寸确定、过程卡填写、工序卡填写、时间定额确定、过程卡导入、工序卡导入等模块组成的计算机辅助工艺系统实施方案。

The experiment and the research indicate that:(1) Through the Hot-Continuous-Rolling production technics under small reduction ratio of 4.04 and 5.08, the rectangular continuous-casting billet of 235×265mm can be used to produce big size steel stick of Φ140mm and Φ 125mm whose macrostructure and mechanical properties meet the standards, this technics is viable;(2) This rolling technics can make the deformation penetrate to the center of the billet by low temperture and low velocity and big roller diameter and large reduction quantity at every pass and optimum design and arrangement of rollers, which is the key of Hot-Continuous-Rolling technics under small reduction ratio;(3) The sending technics used in Xining Special Steel Co.,Ltd can not use waste-heat of billet adequately, but the sensitive temperature section of A1N or sulphides or inclusions separating out is avoided, creating a favorablecondition for insuring good surface quality of final rolled steel;(4) The Hot-Continuous-Rolling technics under small reduction ratio has a close relationship with the billet quality control and the hot sending process control and the cooling control after rolling.

通过实验研究表明：(1) 235×265mm矩形连铸坯分别采用4.04和5.08的小压缩比热连轧生产工艺，所生产的Φ140mm和Φ125mm的大规格棒材，其低倍组织和机械性能均符合标准要求，该工艺是可行的；(2)本实验所采取的低温低速、大辊径大道次压下量轧制工艺加上轧辊孔型的优化设计与配置，可以使加工变形渗透到铸坯的中心，这一点是实现小压缩比热连轧生产工艺的关键；(3)西宁特钢在红送过程中虽然铸坯余热未能得到充分的利用，但是有效地避开了A1N、硫化物的析出及夹杂物偏析的敏感温度区，为保证最终轧材良好的表面质量创造了有利的条件；(4)小压缩比热连轧生产与铸坯质量控制，热送过程控制以及轧后冷却控制密不可分。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

The results show that dense ceramics with finer grains can be obtained by the SHS/QP technique.

研究了SHS/OP技术制备金属陶瓷、复相陶瓷和叠层复合材料的结构和工艺过程，并制备了密实材料。

Gilson turquoise synthesis system using ceramic process.

吉尔森法合成绿松石采用了制陶瓷的工艺过程。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。