工件

When used carburization and tempering, filling baskets should be designed according to different parts of horizontal

当用于渗碳及回火时，装料筐设计应根据不同工件设计横向和纵向气道，使碳势气氛和热风能均匀通过工件每一点，使工件渗碳层或回火均匀。

Simulation of micro-milling process is conducted using finite element method. During modeling, the Johnson-Cook's coupled thermal-mechanical model was employed as workpiece material model, the Johnson-Cook s shear failure principle was adopted as work piece failure principle, and the coupled thermal-mechanical hexahedron strain hybrid modules and adaptive grid were used to remesh the workpiece's elements. The friction between the tool and workpiece obeys the amended coulomb's law that combines with the sliding friction and the adhesive friction.

采用有限元方法对微细铣削过程进行模拟，采用Johnson-Cook热力耦合模型作为工件材料模型，采用Johnson-Cook的剪切失效法则作为工件材料的失效准则，采用热力耦合平面应变杂交单元并使用自适应网格技术进行网格划分，刀具与工件间的摩擦采用滑动摩擦区和粘着摩擦区相结合的修正库仑定律。

Lid done with stainless steel plate floor, built-silicate insulation, Furnace Door size 350 mm wide, 580 mm high, the overall lateral wall elevate electric holding furnace door, Furnace Door closure of the Furnace Door as a whole round , Furnace Door sealing performance enhancements, dial made of stainless steel by 1600 m / m turntable, used to load the workpiece, the entire wheel of the plane is not division, the operator can be stacked workpiece, as dial-rotation every 40 minutes a week , when the operator can not see dial in almost rotation, and Furnace Door open the larger operators can be arbitrary and out of the workpiece, and without time limits can dial in 20-60 minutes a week to arbitrary rotation speed, regardless of Furnace Door hoist, from the start of work on the dial continuous rotation, and there was no need for chain hoist Furnace Door, the need to stop rotating, just press the control cabinet, stop button, the gate Furnace Door, operators to seize its own, activated installed in the furnace door open and close button.

炉盖采用不锈钢板做底板，内置硅酸铝保温，炉门尺寸宽350mm，高580mm，侧墙体中整体向上提升式电动保温炉门，炉门关闭时整个炉门为一个圆形整体，炉门密封性能增强，转盘采用不绣钢制成1600m/m转盘，用以承载工件之用，整个转盘为平面不分工位，操作人员可以任意堆放工件，由于转盘每40分钟旋传一周，工作时操作人员几乎看不到转盘在转动，加上炉门开的较大，操作人员可以任意进出工件，而不受时间限转盘可以在20--60分钟旋转一周的时间任意调速，不论炉门启闭、转盘从启动工作就不间断的旋转，没有任何必要与炉门启闭进行联锁，需要停止旋转时，只需按下控制电柜上的停止按钮即可，炉门的启闭，由操作人员自行掌握，按动安装在炉门边的启闭钮即可。

The mode of the friction saw cutting has been founded and the theory of that one has been put forward according to analysing the process of friction saw cutting, which make use of friction and extrusion to increase temperature of the area of work cutting and make the hardness and strength of work reduce obviously.

通过对摩擦锯切过程的分析，建立摩擦锯切模型，提出了摩擦锯切的原理，主要是利用挤压变形和摩擦，提高工件切削区的温度，使工件的强度和硬度显著下降，同时，设法保持刀具的温度在300℃以下，使硬度保持不变，从而实现了刀具硬度与工件硬度比的大量增加，完成超高速切削。

The workpieces will be deformed under the cutting and clamping forces during the lathing,the values of deformation will directly influence the precision of workpiece,especially with bad diameter rigidity.

在车削加工时，工件在切削力和夹具夹紧力的作用下会产生变形，变形量的大小直接影响工件的加工精度，在径向刚度较差的工件中表现得尤其明显。

In this paper, the induction heating using double stove of 45 steel before forging has been analyzed considering the workpiece movement and the volatilization of magnetic force line in the end in this simulation.

新闻摘要：感应加热时，工件在线圈中的填充情况和温度变化会对线圈磁场产生影响。线圈端部的磁力线逸散，使工件在未进入线圈时加热已经开始，因此，在感应加热模拟的时候，考虑工件运动和磁力线逸散是十分必要的。

The transportation chain link nonmotile table by the person on rollers work piece or the work piece extrusion work piece, move on may the free bowl.

输送链条无动力辊道由人推拉工件或工件挤压工件，在可自由的辊筒上移动。

System speaking of the Master CAM, first must establish the components the geometry model, according to the components actual size, draws its processing part the contour line, does not need to draw the entire components the model, guaranteed the computation production the cutting tool way coordinates accuracy, and may use the Master CAM Chinese Library level the function, when determination cutting tool way, transfers or the hideaway, the selective treatment needs contour line; Next, the formulation processing craft and the definite craft parameter, chooses the cutting tool, the processing semi finished materials, the work piece origin of coordinates again and so on, establishes the work piece coordinates system, definite work piece coordinate system and engine bed coordinate system relative size, thus obtains the components processing correct cutting tool way; Finally, the simulation function which system provides using the Master CAM, the realization simulation processing.

对于Master CAM系统而言，首先要建立零件的几何模型，根据零件的实际尺寸，画出其加工部分的轮廓线，无需画出整个零件的模型，以保证计算生成的刀具路径坐标的正确性，并可利用Master CAM中图层的功能，在确定刀具路径时，加以调用或隐藏，来选择加工需要的轮廓线；其次，制定加工工艺并确定工艺参数，再选择刀具、加工毛坯、工件坐标原点等，建立工件坐标系统，确定工件坐标系与机床坐标系的相对尺寸，从而得到零件加工的正确刀具路径；最后，利用Master CAM系统提供的仿真功能，实现模拟加工。

In view of the inclining error in installing to the work-piece in lapping, an analytic method for profile error is presented, new and old rectangular coordinates are established, and error model of work-piece between its actual and ideal curve is deduced through coordinate transform.

针对研磨中工件的安装倾斜误差，提出了导致工件面形误差的分析方法，建立新、原坐标系，应用坐标变换，推导出工件曲线上各点相对理想曲线对应点的误差模型。

Some techniques which are used for the measurement of grinding temperatures,such as infrared radiation pyrometers,optical fiber infrared radiation pyrometer, two-color infrared system and infrared imaging system,are summarized,compared and discussed.

磨削过程中，大量无规则离散分布在砂轮表面的磨粒对工件划擦、耕犁和切削综合作用，其所产生的热体现为工件的温升、砂轮与工件接触面的温升、工件已磨削表层的温升、磨粒切削刃温度和切屑温度。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。