峰值因数

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

Inequality Constraint and κref Selection: The kurtosis value corresponding to a target is related to many factors, such as the abundance of the target component contained in a pixel, the target size relative to the image size, and the number of spectral bands.

不平等限制和κ裁判员选择：或然率曲线峰值的曲率度对一个目标符合的数值被讲到被包含在一个图素的许多因数，像是目标的丰富元件，目标与影像大小相关的按规定尺寸制作，和光谱能带的数目。

Lamp Current Crest Factor: Ratio of peak current to the root mean square lamp Current.

灯管电流峰值因数：峰值电流与灯管电流平方根的比值。。

The solar-powered lighting system developed in this study possesses a few advantages, including energy conservation, high efficiency, a low lamp-current crest factor and a low starting lamp-voltage, which all conform to the general intention of green lighting.

本文所设计的太阳能萤光灯照明系统，具有节能、高效率、低灯管电流峰值因数及低启动电压的优点，能符合绿色照明之实用潮流。

The experimental results indicate that the crest factor of the lamp current is 1.41 when the output power of the fluorescent lamp is 36 W. The power factor is 0.99 and the efficiency of the ballast is 91% when the system is in utility grid-connected.

由实验结果显示，当萤光灯输出36W时，灯管电流峰值因数约1.41；执行市电并联时，市电侧之功率因数约0.99，整体电路之效率约91%。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失