岩裂

During course of in situ stress measurement, some problems such as core discing, minification and caving of borehole due to horizontal stress are appeared, and their mechanism is studied.

在现场地应力测量过程中发现了岩芯饼裂、钻孔径缩和钻孔破碎塌孔等现象，分析了这些现象的力学机理。

Riganpeicuo formation developed marine effusive facies, delta facies, carbonate platform facies and shelf facies, which suggest the paleography of South Qiangtang Basin in late Triassic experienced the process of rifting, sea level rising continuously, and then developing carbonate platform and shelf facies.

日干配错组发育有水下火山喷溢相、三角洲相、碳酸盐岩台地和陆棚相，反映盆地由早期的裂陷火山喷发—盆地基底沉降，海平面不断上升形成台地相至陆棚相的古地理面貌。

Based on the science idea of coupling, this paper studied systematically the theory, mathematical model and technology of rock mass hydraulics in coal mining above aquifer, the numerical simulation method, the resemble simulation theory and method. A series of reciprocity law on the stress and displacement of upper and down floor of coal layer, coal pole, fault and the law of water pressure variety was analyzed thoroughly and particularly. Based on the relation of hydraulics character of multi-aquifer, the inspecting and predicting theory model, method and system of water outburst was founded. By used in the colliery, The results were ratified by colliery missionary. In situ test for the hydraulics character of the floor on hydrology observation hole was done.

本文基于固流耦合作用的学术思想，通过理论研究、相似模拟实验、数值分析及现场实际应用，系统研究了带压开采的块裂介质岩体水力学数学模型，数值模拟方法，相似模拟理论与方法，深入细致地分析了带压开采中项底板、煤柱、断层的应力位移分布、含水层水位变化等一系列相互作用规律，并建立了基于多含水层水力联系的底板突水监测预报理论模型及其监测预报方法与系统，并将研究成果应用于现场实际，得到了现场工作人员的一致认可。

This dissertation was focused on the research about the formation and evolution of NQB from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period, including integrated analyzing the characteristic of the key stratigraphic surfaces, the time of the key stratigraphy, regional rock straigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, sedimentary system and depositional facies. On basis of these analysis, a tectonic evolution model have been established for NQB during from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period.1. After the systematic surface analysis about main stratigraphy units, we found that:(1) the bottom of Xiaochaka formation was comformity with the middle Triassic in the basin, and in the north margin it was deposited and overlapped on the different period stratigraphy before Triassic.(2) The top surface of Xiaochaka formation developed regionally karst and paleo-karst breccia, and was uncomformity with Nadigangri Formation, these things suggest that NQB in Xiaochaka depositing stage was developed from middle Triassic basin, and then an extensive regression occurred, the deposition was over and erosion come into being.(3) The lithologic assemblage, geochemistry, mixed fossils, and stratigraphy overlapping characteristic of Quemocuo Formation in early middle Jurassic indicted that the uncomformity surface was an extension-unconformity.2. Integrated analysis about stratigraphy division and correlation indicted that:(1) the paleontologic assemblage of Xiaochaka formation show its time was Carian -Norian stage of late Triassic. According to it was overlapped by late Triassic Nadigangri Formation, so Xiaochaka formation should be Carian - early Norian stage.(2) the SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb age of Nadigangri formation volcanic rocks wear vary form 216 to 205 Ma, so its time should be Norian, but maybe extended into Rhaetian Stage.(3) The age of its bottom volcanic rocks, the fossil assemblages of its middle and upper members and overlapped by lower Jurassic, indicted the age of Riganpeicuo Formation was Norian - Rhaetian stage. And the same time, the volcanic rocks geochemistry of Nadigangri and Riganpeicuo formation both reflected that they wear formed in rift tectonic settings. The lower lithologic and surface characteristic, fossil assemblages and its upper maybe was conformity with lower Jurassic, all reflected that the age of Tumengela Formation in Tumen area should be Norian - Rhaetian stage.

论文对晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期盆地的形成与演化开展了研究，包括关键地层界面特征分析、关键地层时代归属分析、区域岩石地层、生物地层和年代地层的综合对比分析、区域沉积体系与沉积相分析、岩相古地理分析，最终建立晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期羌塘盆沉积—构造动力演化模式。1、系统的对各地层单元的界面分析发现：(1)肖茶卡组底界在盆地内部与中三叠统整合关系，在盆地北缘为沉积超覆于不同时代的前三叠系之上：(2)肖茶卡组顶界面发育古岩溶角砾岩，与上覆那底岗日组为岩溶不整合接触，说明肖茶卡组沉积时期的羌塘盆地是在早中三叠世的盆地基础发展起来的，后期出现了广泛的海退事件，使盆地结束沉积并遭受风化剥蚀作用；(3)中侏罗统雀莫错组的岩性组合特征、岩石化学特征、古生物化石混积和地层的沉积超覆现象均表现出裂陷环境下形成的伸展不整合面的特征。2、综合地层划分与对比分析认为：(1)肖茶卡组古生物化石组合反映其时代为晚三叠世卡尼期—若利期，根据其上被上三叠统那底岗日组不整合覆盖，将其时代厘定为卡尼期—若利期早期；(2)那底岗日组火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄在216～205 Ma之间，其时代主要为若利期，可能包含有瑞替期：(3)日干配错组底部火山岩的年龄、中上部化石组合及其被下侏罗统整合覆盖，综合反映的时代为晚三叠世若利期—瑞替期，而且那底岗日组火山岩和日干配错组火山岩的地球化学成分分析反映两者均为引张构造背景下的产物；土门地区的土门各拉组的下部岩性及界面特征、化石组合和上部可能被下侏罗统整合覆盖，综合反映其时代为若利期—若利期。

Slope reinforcement based on the analysis of deformation mechanism focuses on controlling the distortion of cataclastic rock mass and potential shearing exit.

基于变形机制分析的治理措施将重点放在控制碎裂岩体和潜在剪出口的变形上，监测结果表明，边坡达到稳定性要求。

Gold mineralization is controlled by the near E-W-trending fault. The metallogenesis belongs to cataclastic altered rock type, with characteristics of low grade and large amount of ore, which is the first discovery in western Liaoning.

通过钻探证实，金矿化受近东西向断裂构造控制，矿化类型为碎裂蚀变岩型，具有低品位、大矿量特点，在辽西地区属首次发现。

Fission track ages of samples, including fault gouge and cataclastic rock, collected from 4 faults of the Yi-Shu Fault Zone are much younger than un-deformed rocks collected around the faults, because fission track had experienced total annealing during the movement of the faults.

取自4条主断层的不同部位断层泥及断层碎裂岩的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄，远小于周围未发生变形的地层年龄，构造活动使得断层带物质的磷灰石裂变径迹完全退火。

Fracturing of mineralization stage is found mainly concentrated in the early quartz veins or the hydrofracturing breccia in the sandy tectonic lenses, the lens-like orebody mainly consisting of the cataclastic quartz veins and hydrofracturing breccia form.

成矿阶段的破裂主要集中在砂岩构造透镜体中早期石英脉或液压角砾岩上，形成以碎裂石英脉及液压角砾岩为主要矿化母岩的透镜状矿体。

Summarizing and analysing the stability of stratigraphy and the basic characteristics of geological hazard at the Three Gorges Reservoir,the authors put forward the dangerous slope mainly includes bedding slope,hard and soft rock alternation gentle slope,loose accumulative slop,karst breccia slop and layer cataclastic rock slop.The loose accumulative slopes from Fengjie to Badong are most dangerous and need to control.

在总结分析三峡水库区岩层稳定性及地质灾害基本特征的基础上，根据岩性和结构特征，提出三峡水库区存在较为严重失稳隐患的边坡主要有顺层边坡、平缓软硬岩层互层边坡、松散堆积体边坡、岩溶角砾岩边坡和层状碎裂岩边坡等5种类型，其中分布于奉节至巴东段的松散堆积体边坡危险性最大，是需工程防护的重中之重。

The principles, destress results and technical parameters for destress blasting in the side wall of roadway are studied in the field test, numeric simulation and simulation test with equivalent materials.

用现场试验、数值模拟、相似模拟综合方法研究巷帮松裂爆破卸压维护软岩巷道的原理、卸压效果和技术参数。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。