岩裂

Based on statistical analysis of disced rock cores and rockburst about rock mass in exploration adit at the dam site where high ground stressis surrounded the causes of high ground stress are discussed in many respects, combined with characteristics of ground stress field, including the power source condition which is the regional tectonic setting and geological conditions, power storage conditions which is characteristic of lithology and structure of rock mass, power transformation and adjustment which is late reformation of rock mass. It is considered that high ground stress release is synthetical result caused by factors mentioned above.

针对坝区特定的高应力条件下岩体的应力释放现象，包括岩芯饼裂和勘探平硐岩爆发育普遍的特征，在统计分析的基础上，从力源条件-区域构造背景和地质构造条件、能力存储条件-岩性特征和岩体结构条件、后期演化-能量释放、转换与调整等分析的基础上，结合坝区地应力场分布的特征阐述了坝址区高地应力成因，认为坝区高地应力释放现象是上述各因素综合作用的结果。

The main environment geological question is: The earth"s crust where the faultage and earthquake are active is unstable; collapse , landslide, mud-rock flow and soil erosion ; The underground karst subsides, seepage question; Basic rock expand, expend and compress soil body, the salt deposit corrode out of shape and groundwater"s corrodent harm; The soft soil question of basin; The soft rock body, cracked rock and the weathering rock are relatively poor stability; High and cold regional highways and railways" frozen soils freeze and melt calamity problem; The around rock of tunnel are unstable because of the coal seam gas, spring water, underground developed area; Project cutting slopes, constructed abandon soil and reservoir, lake"s ecology geological environmental protection issue; Thedangerous shoal of the channel % submerged reef question; The problem of rebuilding channel project and dock etc.; And the problem of unstable ground and groundwater corrosivity during building airport; At the same time, with the international big pathways" implementation and completions of constructions, adjusting the cities and counties" constructions , the crowd occupy changing , the cultivated land distribute changing and the adjustments of structure, will cause local environmental geological issues outstanding; According to multiple statistical analysis , value calculate and integrated appraise result, in the northwest and southwest of Yunnan, the traffic relatively low density, traffic engineering is relatively weak impact on environment, It is the area where a environme

主要的环境地质问题是：活动性断裂、地震带的地壳不稳定；崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及水土流失；地下岩溶塌陷、渗漏问题；基础岩体膨胀、胀缩土体、含盐层侵蚀变形和地下水的腐蚀危害；盆地软土问题；软弱岩体、碎裂、风化岩体稳定性较差；高寒地带公路、铁路建设的冻土冻融灾害问题；煤层瓦斯、涌水、地下采空区等隧道围岩不稳定问题；工程切坡、施工弃土及水库、湖泊生态地质环境保护问题；航道险滩、暗礁问题；渠化工程、码头等库岸再造问题；以及机场建设中的不稳定地基及地下水腐蚀性问题；同时，随着大通道建设的实施和完成，城镇建设的调整、人群居落的变化和耕地分布及结构的调整组合，都可能造成局部环境地质问题的突出等等。经多元统计分析数值计算、综合评价结果，滇西北、滇西南地区交通密度较低，交通工程对环境的影响程度较弱，是环境地质状况好的区域；有主要高原湖泊分布区的，包括昆明、个旧、文山的滇东南区域，环境地质状况较好；大姚、楚雄、篙明及会泽、昭通一镇雄的区域，即滇中北部中生界红层和滇东北岩溶区，环境地质状况中等；而包括保山、德宏、大理、临沧的滇西地区及景东一墨江以东、双柏一石屏一河口以西及东川一寻甸一曲靖地段的滇中一滇东地区，环境地质状况较差。云南国际大通道建设涉及全省区域，如何利用地质环境、实现可持续发展，就必须依赖于国际大通道建设与地质环境之间良性关系的建立。应本着对区域地质环境客观存在的科学认识原则、建设过程中环境效益优先的可持续发展原则、法制性原则、对大通道建设中环境地质的因地制宜及其可防治性原则。并且从组织管理、不同类型大通道、不同环境地质问题类型等方面，提出了对策措施。最后，提出了建立国际大通道建设与环境地质良性关系的宏观建议。

Haolibao copper-molybdenum deposit is of hydrothermal vein and porphyry type related to the Yanshanian crypto-explosive breccia-plagioclase granite porphyry and cataclastic sub-quartz-porphyry.

好力宝铜钼矿床属与燕山期隐伏的隐爆角砾状斜长花岗斑岩和碎裂次石英斑岩有关的热液脉状和斑岩型矿床。

Dues to the regional dynamometamorphism, the rocks formed a narrow string structural zone of strong plastic deformsation and plastic flow and occur different degree rock of cataclasite mylonite, phyllonite etc.

岩石由于经受区域动力变质，形成强烈塑性变形和塑性流动的线性狭长构造带，产生不同程度的碎裂岩，糜棱岩及千糜岩等岩石。

The current study and C and O isotope evolution are consistent with the previous research results, which provides isotopic evidence supporting the existence of an aulacogen basin alone, and furthermore are highly concordant with the C and O isotope evolutions in Belt Supergroup in North America and MidRiphean in Ural, Russia, which suggests a response to a global paleoocean geochemical setting.

研究区与天津蓟县和北京十三陵地区的中、新元古代碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成与演化表现出明显的相似性，反映了它们共同受燕山裂陷槽发育的控制；同时，与北美Belt超群和俄罗斯乌拉尔里菲期碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成、演变的高度协同性，又说明了中、新元古代碳酸盐岩中碳、氧同位素组成、演化响应于全球古海洋背景和地球化学条件。

Based on the analyse and evaluation of some destroyed models of bedded rock and massive rock and cataclastic rock,which is in the high-level road in the mountainous area,and combined with the engineering examples,the author put forward synthetic preventing measures,emphasized on the discussing on new methods, planting grass and anchor-shotcrete.

通过对山区高等级公路边坡中层状岩体、块状岩体和散体碎裂岩体的不同破坏模式进行分析评价，结合工程实例，提出公路边坡综合防护措施，重点论述植草防护、锚杆喷射砼防护等新型防护形式，为山区和相似地质条件地区公路建设提供参考和借

Based on the analysis of sediments and diagenesis of YangXin Series, author studied systematically all types of holes and fractures including stracture fissures, secondary corrosion cavities, contract holes and crevices, unloaded fissures, regionalrifts crush cracks (mechanical, hydraulic and oil-gas divulsional), seperate fissures in layres, collapse breccia′s clinks and seam lines, etc,.

作者在对阳新统沉积及成岩后生普通化的分析基础上，全面系统地分析了包括构造裂缝在内的各种孔洞缝类型，如次生溶蚀孔洞、收缩成因孔缝、卸荷张缝、区域裂缝、压裂缝（机械压裂、水力压裂、油气扯裂）、层理脱空缝、垮塌角砾间孔缝、缝合线等。

According to the sequence model, the topography is expanse and flatness, there are relative shallow water, stable structure, flattened basement in intercontinental rifting basin, and the provenances changed gradually from terrigenous clasts to intra-basin carbonate. So, there are some corresponding characteristics in sequence genetic framework:① Sequence material components are carbonate rocks, and mixed sedimentary series of carbonate rocks and clastic rocks.

就层序模型来讲，陆内裂陷盆地地势宽缓，具有水体相对浅、构造稳定、基底平缓、物质来源由陆源碎屑逐渐向盆地内的碳酸盐转化，因此，其相应的层序成因格架具有如下主要特征：①在层序物质构成方面，主要由碳酸盐岩构成，其次是碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩的混合沉积岩系。

Within the rock, there are some angular shaped, randomly arranged fragments which make up 50% of the entire rock. This fault rock is called cataclasite.

就以这一块标本为例，在岩石中有含量为50%的棱角状岩屑，岩屑排列无序，这块断层岩被称为碎裂岩。

Within the rock, there are some angular shaped, randomly arranged fragment s which make up 50% of the entire rock. This fault rock is called cataclasite.

就以这一块标本为例，在岩石中有含量为50%的棱角状岩屑，岩屑排列无序，这块断层岩被称为碎裂岩。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。