岩裂

The high-accuracy numerical simulation results by FEM indicate: the overburden deformation and failure caused by mining lead to fracture and the changes of apparent resistivity in overburden. The affected area is much larger than the actual fracture, nearly twice the fracture area. The most affected area by the apparent resistivity values is the caving zone. The changing ratio can be up to 19%. In the cracked zone, the changing ratio of the apparent resistivity is 10% to 12%.

计算结果表明：采动裂隙引起煤层上覆地层的视电阻率变化，其影响范围较实际破裂范围大得多，基本上是覆岩冒裂带范围的两倍，其视电阻率值最大影响区为冒落带，变化率可达19%；在裂隙发育带，视电阻率的变化率可达10%12%。

The Xinyang-Yuanlong large-scale shear zone belongs to the eastern part of Qilianorogenic belt,which is mainly known for a intracontinental rifting-small ocean basin coveredby Hongtubao-Huluhe metamorphism basaltic rock.In the north of the shear zone,detritalrock of Chenjiahe group sedimented in forearc basin and island-arc volcanics of Chenjiahegroup in late Ordovician and island-arc granites of Yanjiadian formation and Huangmenchuanformation outcrop in order.

新阳—元龙大型韧性剪切带以北属祁连造山带东段，发育有以红土堡—葫芦河变基性火山岩为代表的陆内裂陷—小洋盆，北侧依次出露有弧前盆地沉积的晚奥陶世陈家河群碎屑岩组、岛弧环境的晚奥陶世陈家河群火山岩及以阎家店、黄门川为代表的岛弧型花岗岩类。

The study objects of this text are highway and railway tunnel. This text analyze form and mechanism of cause of the tunnel"s disease through knowledge theory such as :rock mechanics, soil mechanics, hydraulics, hydrodynamics, chemistry ,and so on. And combine last criterion, rule and engineering practice, provide the tunnel disease"s the design of prevention and cure, method of construction, new technique, new material, new craftwork. This text provide some advantageous consult values for tunnel prevention and cure.

本文以公路及铁路隧道为研究对象，运用岩体力学、土力学、水力学、流体力学、化学等学科理论，以宏、微观相结合的方法分析了渗漏水、冻害、衬砌裂损及衬砌腐蚀4种常见隧道病害的表现形式、成因机理，结合最新的规范、规则和工程实际给出了隧道病害的防治设计、施工方法以及新技术、新材料和新工艺，为隧道防治提供了有利的参考价值。

Guangxi Yantan turbine diameter 8m 90s in the 20th century in operation, mainly due to the hydraulic design and manufacturing quality Runner and other reasons, put into operation a serious vibration, cracks, vibration tube into the door crack, power generation Floor Vibration machine layer. 10 years of annual repair cracks, cavitation, multiple blade line has been restored can not be guaranteed, for the more radical change in this situation, has on one desktop PC upgrades, replacement of the old wheel, replaced by a Taiwan new designs, new technology a new wheel, troubled years of generating station floor floor vibration problems are basically solved.

广西岩滩水电站直径达8m的水轮机在20世纪90年代投入运行，主要是由于水力设计和分瓣转轮制造质量等原因，投入运行后振动严重，裂纹产生，尾水管进入门振裂，发电机层楼板振动。10年来年年修补裂纹、空蚀、多次修复后叶片型线已无法保证，为较彻底的改变这种状况，已对其中一台机进行升级改造，更换了老转轮，代之以一台新设计、采用新工艺的新转轮，困扰电站多年的发电机层楼板振动问题得到基本解决。

Having analyzed the sliding of gravity dam foundation with a weak intercalation for failure process and destabilization mechanism by the non-linear finite technique ,it proved to be true that the second sliding surface in tail rock resistance block would be inclined to the downstream side but not simply vertical.

通过非线性有限元分析了具有软弱夹层的重力坝坝基滑动破坏过程和失稳机理，论证了尾岩抗力体第二滑裂面应向下游倾斜，而不宜简单地取为直立。

In order to demonstrate the design scheme of the air-cushion surge tank for a hydroelectric project,the hydraulic fracturing technology is adopted to define the in-situ stress and related rock mechanical parameters of rock mass surrounding the high pressure cavern.

：为论证某水电工程高压洞室的方案设计，采用水压致裂技术对高压洞室的原地应力及相关岩体力学参数进行细致的测试。

The failure process of hydraulic fracture of rock under triaxial and hydraulic pressure is simulated.

通过分析，从细观上掌握了节理岩体水压致裂的损伤演化特性及裂纹扩展规律，提出了损伤和劈裂门槛值概念，并推导了基于CT数的损伤变量。

In engineering application, we think that the rock laboratory experiments may simulate and reshow rock bursts considering the conditions of coupled static-dynamic loads and rock burst and their comparison. Energy demand of rock burst occurring is revealed through analyzing energy transition of rock failure process under coupled static-dynamic loads. At the same time, the rule of energy utilization under coupled static-dynamic loads is discovered; the measures for rock cracking by utilizing high stress condition in deep rock mass and energy utilization improving are found.

在工程应用方面，将动静组合载荷下岩石受力条件和岩石发生岩爆的条件及两者发生的现象进行了对比，认为室内动静组合加载试验可以模拟再现现场发生的岩爆，并通过分析动静组合载荷下岩石破坏过程中能量的转化来揭示岩石发生岩爆的能量要求，而且发现了动静组合加载能量利用的规律，找到提高能量利用率的措施和利用深部岩体受力状况来致裂岩石的手段。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。