岩礁

The subsalt strata of the Marginal Caspian Basin in Kazakhstan consist of a marine depositional sequence of huge thickness, which feature in carbonate rock and clastic rock containing bioherm limestone deposition.

哈萨克斯坦滨里海盆地盐下层系为一套巨厚的海相沉积层序，以碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩包括生物礁灰岩沉积为特征。

Thus, microbial carbonates should be classified within the limestones. Similar to reef rocks, microbial carbonates are frequently developed in strata from the Precambrian through to the Phanerozoic, in three forms: reef, biostrome and bioherm.

微生物碳酸盐岩，总体上构成生物作用类碳酸盐岩中的粘结岩类，以其明显的微生物作用特点而具有自己的分类体系；它不但作为生物礁岩石的主要类型，而且也常常以生物礁、生物层和生物丘三种形式发育在地层之中。

The main sedimentary facies types include shoal facies of platform margin, organic reef facies of platform margin, platform evaporate facies, open-platform facies, restricted platform facies and carbonate platform ramp facies, and the front three types of facies are the uppermost facies belt. The main sedimentary microfacies types include subordinate organisms dolomite microfacies, sparry grain(biogenic debris, sand cutting, alga chippings and so on) dolomite microfacies, detention gravel debris dolomite microfacies, boundstone microfacies, non-lamina dolomite mudstone microfacies, lamina dolomite mudstone microfacies, lamina lime mudstone microfacies, sparry grainstone microfacies and testaceous chippings limestone microfacies, and the front three types of microfacies are the uppermost microfacies type.

该区长兴组主要的沉积相类型有台地边缘浅滩相、台地边缘生物礁相、开阔台地相、局限台地相、台地蒸发岩相和碳酸盐台地缓坡相六个相带，主要的微相类型有生物粘结云岩微相、亮晶颗粒云岩微相、滞留角砾云岩微相、纹层纯云泥岩微相、非纹层纯云泥岩微相、生物粘结灰岩微相、纹层纯灰泥岩微相、亮晶颗粒灰岩微相和介屑灰岩微相九种微相类型。

With the seismic profile and the comparison between the eustatic sea level change and sequence, the authors find that there developed different scales of reef and carbonate platforms in the sag. These reef and carbonate platforms have many developing stages which can be correlated with the eustatic sea level change and evolutionary stages, besides, they all have preferable hydrocarbon potential.

通过地震资料的解释及海平面变化曲线与层序的对比发现，琼东南盆地南部深水凹陷发育有规模大小不等的生物礁和碳酸盐岩台地，而且这些生物礁和碳酸盐岩台地的发育与海平面变化曲线和构造演化的阶段可以对应起来，应具有较好的油气勘探潜力。

Taking LH Oilfield as an example, a method of integrated geological modeling, using seismic, log and geological data, was applied to the characterization of Neocene reef reservoir.

以LH油田三维地质建模为实例，针对礁灰岩储层内部结构复杂的情况，提出了一种综合应用地震、测井及地质资料进行礁灰岩储层研究和地质建模的方法。

Through the methods of polarizing microscope and cathodoluminescence, the diagenesis of Late Carboniferous phylloid algal reefs in southern Guizhou is studied, which indicates diagenesis are mainly of bio-binding and baffling actions, micritization, cementation, compaction-pressure solution, fracture, recrystallization and dissolution in type.

东北大学资源与土木工程学院，沈阳110004通过偏光显微镜研究和阴极发光技术，对黔南晚石炭世叶状藻礁灰岩的成岩作用做了详细研究，认为礁灰岩主要成岩作用类型有：生物黏结障积作用、泥晶化作用、胶结作用、压实压溶作用、破裂作用、重结晶作用和溶解作用等。

The Changxing Formation reservoirs are mainly a set of reef dolomite, sparry oolitic dolomite, and have moderate to high porosity, moderate to high permeability and good physical properties. The reservoir space types are mainly intercrystalline pore, intercrystalline solution pore, intergranular dissolved pore, intragranular dissolved pore, moldic pore and dissolved expanding pore, and to a lesser extent, crack and suture.

长兴组储层主要为一套礁白云岩、亮晶鲕粒云岩和残余颗粒云岩，以高中孔、中高渗，孔隙型储层为主，储集空间类型以晶间孔、晶间溶孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔以及溶蚀扩大孔为主，裂缝和压溶缝合线次之，具有较好的物性特征。

Namely, with respect to Changxing Formation in the region of interest, the most favorable facies belt is reef-shoal dolomite facies, the more favorable facies belt is restricted platform facies-platform evaporate facies; the most favorable microfacies belt is subordinate organisms and sparry grain dolomite microfacies, the more favorable microfacies belt is non-lamina dolomite mudstone microfacies.

因此长兴组最有利储集相带是礁滩云岩相带，较有利相带是局限台地-台地蒸发岩相带；最有利微相类型是生物粘结云岩微相和亮晶颗粒云岩微相，较有利的微相类型是非纹层纯云泥岩微相。

The exposed massive cold-seep carbonates provided substrate for the encrustations of corals as well as coralline algae and might have played a crucial role in the initial development of coral reefs in a siliciclastic paleoenvironment of active tectonic setting. This is probable the first case of the world that cold-seep carbonates acting as initial colonization hardgrounds of hermatypic corals and corallines.

在此基底泥岩快速浅化的过程中，出露的块状冷泉碳酸盐岩成为不稳定地体构造背景中，珊瑚与珊瑚藻等表覆生物在矽质碎屑环境生长的硬底质，可能在礁体的最初发育扮演关键性的角色；此种冷泉碳酸盐岩成为造礁珊瑚与珊瑚藻在矽质碎屑古环境中最初生长硬底质的现象，很可能为世界首例。

The samples from the CallovianOxfordian carbonate reef limestone reservoirs in the Amu Darya Right Bank Block are selected to test rock physical parameters by using the MTS system. Samples saturated with gas and water are tested separately under the same experimental conditions. The test results show that seismic responses are significantly different from samples saturated with different fluids. Further analysis shows that the Lame constant parameter is relatively sensitive to gas.

根据土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸区块油气勘探需要，选取该区卡洛夫-牛津阶碳酸盐岩生物礁储层的石灰岩样品，利用MTS系统进行了岩石物理参数实验测试，通过相同测试条件下饱气和饱水岩样的测试分析，发现岩样含不同流体时地震响应特征有着明显的差异；进一步的分析结果表明：拉梅常数等参数对含气性较为敏感。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

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如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。