岩石的

With economic development, the rock material is widely applied in the water conservation、 resources mining、 the civil construction 、 the railway and so on, a lot of problem about rocks urgently is demanded to solve, so there are very important theory and realistic meanings to thoroughly research its nature、 concerning and destroying mechanism,Due to natural function, massive joint and crack with rock, though the scale of these is small, it changes mechanics nature of rock greatly and reduces deforms mould and intensity parameter, and makes it presenting aeolotropy .

随着我国经济建设的发展，岩石材料被广泛应用于水利、资源开采、土木建筑、铁路等领域，与此同时出现许多岩石方面迫切需要解决的问题，所以对其性质、本构关系、破坏机理的深入研究有重要的理论意义和现实意义。由于天然作用，岩石内部存在大量的节理和裂隙，虽然这些裂隙的规模不大，但裂隙的存在大大地改变了岩体的力学性质，使其变形模量及强度参数降低，且使岩体的力学性质呈各向异性。

Working from outside the basin in to the Mare Basalts, they find the surface composition changes from Feldspathic breccias (Feldspar is a rock that crystallizes from magma) to shocked Anorthosite (a type of feldspar that makes up the light areas of the moon), to unshocked crystalline anorthosite, to high Calcium pyroxene (a rock made of silicate minerals) and pyroclastic rocks in the center.

研究发现：从盆地外边到盆地内部的玄武岩海（盆地内部的熔岩形成的地质结构），月球表面的地质结构依次是：长石质的角砾岩（长石是火山熔岩结晶形成的岩石）、经过冲击的粒状火成岩（构成月球阳面的一种长石）、没有经过冲击的粒状火成岩结晶体、高钙辉石（一种由硅酸盐构成的岩石），最中心的位置是分裂状的火山岩石。

Usually the archeozoic and Proterozoic eras are grouped together and referred to as Precambrian in age. Precambrian rocks have been intensely deformed, metamorphosed and intruded, and are relatively barren of fossil s.

通常太古代和元古代被归在一起而称作前寒武纪，前寒武纪的岩石多遭受强烈变形、变质或被岩浆岩侵入，岩石中缺少化石。

The mineral chemistry, trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry of different types of deep-seated inclusions indicate that Group Ⅰinclusions in western Shaudong could be the relicts of high degree of partial melting of the mantle-derived peridotites and then subjected to mantle metasomatism; the dunite and harzburgite in Group Ⅱ inclusions could be resulted from the metasomatism of silica-rich melts in the upper mantle; the olivine-pyroxenite and pyroxenite in Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ inclusions could be magmatic cumulates derived from magma underplating in the upper mantle.

不同结构类型深源岩石包体的矿物化学、元素和同位素地球化学研究表明，鲁西具有变质变形结构特征的橄榄岩类岩石包体为岩石圈地幔橄榄岩部分熔融后的残留体，其后又遭受了地幔交代作用的改造；具有变质变形结构，并叠加有矿物反应结构的纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩类包体为古老岩石圈地幔被富硅质熔体改造的结果；具有残留岩浆结晶结构的橄榄岩、橄辉岩类岩石包体以及具有变晶结构或堆晶结构的辉石岩类包体为地幔更早期岩浆作用的在上地幔的堆积体。

The first method is not related to petrogenesis, but welcomed by its benefit in field work and basic petrology research; the second method reflects magma sources and tectonic environment, which has always been considered to be very important since proposed, especially a steady flow of A-type granite result in recent years; the third method, often used by researchers, consists of information about mineralogy, petology and magma source; the last method is characterized for its simple and uniform classification criterion, as well as strong operability.

矿物学－岩石学分类不涉及成因信息，比较适用于野外工作以及最基本的岩石学研究；ISMA分类的标准反映的是岩浆源区和构造环境，自提出后备受重视，尤其是A型花岗岩的研究成果近来大量涌现；Barbarin的综合性分类包含了矿物学、岩石学和岩浆源区的信息，也受到一定的推崇；Frost的地球化学分类标准统一，具有很强的操作性。

This article mainly simulates gradually damage destruction process of rock, major in determinationg the definition of rock three-dimensional damage tensor, simplify to the damage tensor and obtain its engineering calculation method, and obtains the basic expression form of equivalent stress by equivalent stress assumption, symmetrization to the actual stress, thus obtains construction relation of the festival principle of three-dimensional damage rock mass, finally couples elasticity- plasticity with damage in the finite element equation, with reference to elasticity-plasticity gradually degenerated method thought, simulates rock damage to advance gradually the destruction process in finite element method, draws up elasticity - plasticity and damage coupling two-dimension finite element procedure with the C language in the VC contact surface, by simulating experiment destroyed process, acquires destruction image and the axial load distortion curve of model, agreement with the experimental result.

本文主要模拟岩石渐进损伤破坏过程，确定岩石三维损伤张量的定义，对损伤张量进行简化计算并得出其工程计算方法，采用等效应力假设得出有效应力的基本表达形式，对有效应力进行对称化，得出节理损伤岩体的三维本构关系，在有限元方程中实现弹塑性和损伤耦合；借鉴弹塑性渐进退化方法的思想，采用有限元的方法模拟岩石损伤渐进破坏过程，用C++语言在VC界面编制了弹塑性和损伤耦合的二维有限元程序，通过模拟已有的实验破坏过程，得出模型的破坏图像和轴向荷载变形曲线，与实验结果基本一致。

The chemical-petrographic types of these meteorites are presented below.Six are unequilibrated ordinary chondrites,including three H3 and three L3;92 meteorites are equilibrated ordinary chondrites,including 24 H-group(13 H4,10 H5,1 H6),64 L-group(2 L4,44 L5,18 L6) and 4 LL-group(3 LL4,1 LL5);the other two belong to stone-iron meteorites.In 6 unequilibrated ordinary chondrites,chondrules are well-shaped,and olivine and low-Ca pyroxene are commonly zoned and have wide ranges of composition.The olivine and low-Ca pyroxene in the other 92 equilibrated ordinary chondrites have similar composition,respectively,and to some degree it reflected thermodynamics equilibration in olivine and lowCa pyroxene.

并根据矿物-岩石学特征，划分了它们的化学-岩石类型：6块属于非平衡型普通球粒陨石(H3和L3群各3块)；92块属于平衡型普通球粒陨石，包括：H群24块(13块H4，10块H5，1块H6)，L群64块(2块L4，44块L5，18块L6)，LL群4块(3块LL4，1块LL5)；另外两块属于石-铁陨石。6块非平衡型普通球粒陨石保存了原始的岩石学和矿物化学特征，包括：清晰的球粒结构、橄榄石和低钙辉石具有明显的成分环带以及极不均一的化学组成等。92块平衡型普通球粒陨石中的橄榄石和低钙辉石显示出均一的化学组成，表明它们达到了一定的热力学平衡。

And (2) the pore pressure is mainly controlled by volumetric strain. Stress can directly make the pore volume change, and indirectly control the variation of pore pressure changed by the pore volume.

2岩石孔隙内流体压力的变化主要受体积应变控制，应力的直接作用是使岩石孔隙体积发生非线性变化，对流体压力变化的影响是通过岩石孔隙体积变化实现的，是间接的。

According to the literatures about the gold contents in crust, rocks and sediments published in recent 15 years and a huge amount of reliable analytical data in the study about crust and rocks accumulated, it is recommended that the gold abundance in the crust and in the exposed crust are 1.0 and 0.8 ng/g, the average contents of gold in rocks, igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks are 0.9, 0.6, 1.0 and 1.0 ng/g, the average contents of gold in stream sediments, flood plain sediments, shallow sea sediments and soils in China are 1.4, 1.6, 1.2 and 2.0 ng/g, respectively.

根据近15年来发表的大量有关金在地壳、岩石和沉积物中含量的文献，结合作者在地壳与岩石研究中积累的金的大量可靠数据，综合给出金的地壳丰度为1.0ng/g，出露地壳丰度为0.8ng/g，金在岩石、火成岩、沉积岩和变质岩中的平均含量分别为0.9、0.6、1.0和1.0ng/g，金在中国水系沉积物、泛滥平原沉积物、浅海沉积物和土壤中的平均含量分别为1.4、1.6、1.2和2.0ng/g。

Simulation and prediction of reservoir lithology is one of the main subjects of reservoir sedimentology and oilfield production. By fan-delta lithology simulation study, a set of technology about reservoir structure simulation and prediction of fan-delta had been established. Through test calculation of different lithologies by using many simulation methodogies, the best simulation methodology for this depositional system had been determined and it is proved to be reliable by practice.

储层岩石相的模拟与预测是储层沉积学和油田实际生产的主要课题之一，通过对扇三角洲露头岩石相的模拟研究，总结出了该类扇三角洲沉积体储层建筑结构的模拟与预测方法，经对不同岩石相多种模拟方法的试运算，给出了对于该类沉积体系的最佳模拟方法，并通过实际检验证明是可信的。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。