岩石的

Based on indoor measurement of rock acoustic velocity,drillability, rigidity ,uniaxial compressive strength,the relationship between acoustic velocity and fragmentation parameters of rocks and that between the surface acoustic velocity and the underground mine logging acoustic velocity were explored by regression analysis.

在室内测定岩石声波速度、可钻性、硬度、单轴抗压强度试验的基础上，利用回归分析方法，探索声波速度与岩石机械破碎性能参数之间、地面声波速度与井下测井声波速度之间相关关系，建立了利用测井声波速度预测地层岩石机械破碎性能参数的数学模型，介绍了预测剖面及资料验证结果，并将这一方法用于计算PDC钻头可钻性以及中国南方海相碳酸盐岩地层的岩石力学参数。

The geologist needs to know what rocks the drill has reached, so every so often a sample is obtained with a coring bit. It cuts a clean cylinder of rock, from which can be seen the strata the drill has been cutting through.

地质学者需要了解钻探到了什么岩石，所以经常会从钻头穿过的岩层中得到一些岩石样本，切割岩石成为圆柱体。

For example, a normal fault is one which the hanging wall moves directly down the dip relative to the footwall and a reverse fault is one which the hanging wall goes directly up relative to the footwall.

例如，上盘岩石相对于下盘岩石向断面倾向下滑的断层命名为正断层，逆断层的上盘岩石相对于下盘岩石沿断面向上直冲。

Theobserved strain is 10~2 times as local point strain at the same observed stress.This indicates that macroscopical symmetrical rock is quasi-brittle materialwith microcosmic heterogeneousness and its macroscopical mechanicalbehavior is the results of reciprocity and magnification between microcosmiccharacteristic, not simple sum.(4) The degree of irregularity of strain increases with the number of cycle.But degree of irregularity of transverse strain fluctuates larger at the samecycle. Moreover degree of irregularity of transverse strain is larger than that ofaxial strain. This shows that deformation and failure of rock is process ofevolvement of small crack. Small crack evolves from even and out-of-orderstatus to heterogeneous and ordinal status.(5) Ultrasonic speed decreases with the number of cycle. The decreasecourse is such: Firstly, ultrasonic speed fluctuates in a steady scope in somecycles; And then ultrasonic speed quickly decreases to a certain more smallvalue; Afterwards in succedent cycles, ultrasonic speed fluctuates about thevalue. That is to say, ultrasonic speed fluctuates and decreases at intervals ofcycles. In deformation process of rock, quantitative change and qualitativechange of its small crack evolvement carry through crosswise.(6) Strength and modulus of rock decrease with exponential function asscale of specimens increases.

同一表观应力下，局部点应变与表观应变相差可达2个数量级，表明宏观上均匀的岩石是具有细观特征的准脆性材料，其宏观力学行为是细观特征相互作用、放大的综合结果，而不是简单的叠加；(4)岩样轴向应变不均匀程度和横向应变不均匀程度随循环次数的增加渐进增大，但是在同一个循环内，横向应变离散系数随应力的变化波动较大，且同一循环级别下，横向应变不均匀程度大于轴向应变不均匀程度，表明岩石内部微裂纹的演化是岩石变形破坏的本质特征，这一演化表现为微裂纹从均匀无序分布逐渐向非均匀有序发展；(5)随循环次数的增加，所有岩样内部超声波速会出现衰减，衰减过程表现为在某几次循环内超声波速在某一相对范围内波动，然后急剧减小到某一较小值，在随后的循环内，超声波速又会保持在这一较小值附近波动，即超声波速表现为波动和急剧减小间隔形式衰减，表明从宏观看来平稳的岩石变形过程，内部结构演化过程(微裂纹发展及其相互作用)却表现为均匀量变和突发质变不断交叉进行的现象；(6)岩石强度和弹性模量随尺度增大呈指数函数规律减小。

Through the analysis of characteristics in curve of deformation tests on the four kinds of rockmasses such as claystone, siltstone, feldspar-quartz sandstone and lithic sandstone underlain the dam foundation of Tingzikou Hydropower Station, it is thought that: the test deformation of thick lithic sandstone is mainly caused by slippage deformation of rock crystal lattice ; the test deformation of feldspar-quartz sandstone is mainly from small crevices in rock, compressive deformation of rock small holes and slippage deformation of rock crystal lattice; and the test deformation of thin layer claystone in which horizontal layer is developed and siltstone is mainly from compression deformation in interlayer, small crevices in rock, compression deformation of rock small holes and slippage deformation of rock crystal lattice.

通过对亭子口水利枢纽工程坝基下卧的黏土岩、粉砂岩、长石石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩等 4 种主要岩性的岩体变形试验曲线特征进行分析，认为：厚层岩屑砂岩的试验变形量主要来自于岩石晶格错动变形，长石石英砂岩的试验变形量主要为岩石内孔隙和空隙变形以及岩石晶格错动产生的变形，而层理较发育的薄层黏土岩和粉砂岩的试验变形量主要由层间压缩变形、岩石内孔隙和空隙变形以及岩石晶格错动产生的变形共同组成。

Study on the lithology and petrology (fine-grained cold-quenching ring of the enclaves, the reverse vein, the complex enclaves, the plagioclase phenocryst from both host rock and enclaves that is consist on the crystal form, composition and light, et al.), petrogeochemistry (Y/Nb=2.77～6.82, La/Nb=0.91～4.33, Ba/Nb=0.13～37.86, et al.), Sr and Nd isotope most ISr between 0.7031～0.7041,εNd(t=5.2～7.1 and LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating (the host rock age is 311±12Ma, and enclaves is 306±7Ma), believe the Huangyangshan pluton is crust-mantle hybrid genesis.

通过岩石学和岩相学（包体细粒淬冷边，反向脉，复合包体以及寄主岩石和包体中斜长石斑晶在形态、成分、光性上的一致性等），岩石地球化学（Y/Nb=2.77～6.82，La/Nb=0.91～4.33，Ba/Nb=0.13～37.86等），Sr和Nd同位素（ISr多数在0.7031～0.7041，εNd在5.2～7.1之间）以及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年（寄主岩石为311±12Ma，包体为306±7Ma）综合研究认为黄羊山花岗岩是壳-幔源岩浆混合成因的。

Basing on the exploring of the functions of cohesion force and friction force during rheology course and the assumptin that viscosity lost according viscosic strain, a constitutive model for viscous, elastic and plastic rock is set up,which can simulate the third course of creep.Then the impact of transcient damage to rheology is discussed and corresponding creep model for rock is proposed.

在探导岩石颗粒间粘聚力和颗粒间摩擦力在岩石发生流变过程中的作用基础上假设粘性失效按流变应变统计概率分布，建立了岩石粘弹塑性本构关系，能够描述岩石蠕变加速阶段特征；讨论了瞬时损伤对岩石流变的影响和相应的损伤蠕变模型建模问题。

Studies of petrology and petrochemistry indicate that such suit of volcanic rocks dominated by lattite belongs to shoshonite series to potassic alkali basalt series. Considering the stability of rocks and their associations, gentle stratum occurrence, fresh degree of rocks and comparatively clarity of horizons. this potassic volcanic stratum distributed over the Sailipu area is named as Sailipu Formation, and the age of which is early middle Pleistocene of Quaternary.

岩石学、岩石化学研究表明，这套火山岩是以安粗质熔岩为主的钾玄岩系列－钾质碱性玄武岩系列火山岩，岩石类型及岩石组合稳定，岩层产状平缓，岩石新鲜，层位相对清楚，故将其命名为赛利普组，属第四纪早－中更新世。

The method of prediction on stochastical simulating 3D parameter field of rock mechanics is brought forward in this paper. Namely, rock mechanics parameters- curve obtained by known and limited conventional log materials is took as inputs of hard data;and seismic attribute data body, hydrating of mud shale and rock environmental parameters data is took as constraint of soft data. By simulating stochastically through optimizing algorithm of Sequential Gauss Simulation,dynamical data field of rock mechanics parameter of three-dimensional space are gotten, then log response of rock mechanics parameters in position of any point in space is predicted.

提出三维岩石力学参数场随机模拟预测的方法，即以已知有限的常规测井资料计算出来的岩石力学参数曲线作为硬数据输入，以已知地震属性数据体及泥页岩水化和岩石环境参数数据作为软数据约束，选择序贯高斯模拟方法，随机模拟得到动态规律变化的岩石力学参数的三维空间数据场，然后由岩石力学参数的三维空间数据场预测空间任一位置的岩石力学参数在井上的测井响应，并把该反映动态规律变化的测井响应按照油田勘探开发的要求输出成特定格式，供生产和工程上使用。

Based on rock mechanics test demarcates the rock mechanics of logging calculating and founding the rock mechanics parameters section. All which will offer the lithology and rock mechanics parameters about bit selection、crustal stress and stratum pressure.

基于岩石力学实验&刻度与标定&测井计算的岩石力学参数，建立工区岩石力学特性剖面，为钻头选型、地应力和地层压力计算提供了可靠的岩性、岩石力学依据。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。