岩石的

The characters of geochemistry are rich alkali. And at the same time the content of calcium is high. They are rich in alkali, high in Potassium, enriched in LILE, LREE and Pb, depleted in HFSE and have a small Sr, Nd, Pb isotope range. Their source is probably a kind of even metasomatic mantle. This is consistent with the fact that there is kimberlite containing flogopite in the deep-source enclosure of Cenozoic super-K alkali lava in the southern part of this rock zone.

组成这些钾质碱性岩带的岩石：在岩相上，包括深成相、浅成相和喷溢相等不同岩相；在岩性上，从超基性、基性、中性到酸性岩石；造岩矿物，从超基性到酸性岩石中均有透辉石，在基性、超基性岩中有霞石；在岩石化学成分上，所有岩石均表现出富碱高钾富钙，微量元素富集Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素和Th、U等放射性元素，贫Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素；稀土元素富集轻稀土，铕负异常不明显；Sr、Nd、Pb同位素组成，显示了物质来源于富集地幔源区。

His sense of smell, like his hearing, seemed to have grown more acute in the blind, black night, and as he fumbled his way ever downward the scents of this midnight world washed over him—damp, loamy earth, nearly as rich as bread dough, and the bland but harsh fragrance of rocks.

他的嗅觉，也如同他的听觉一样，似乎在这漆黑之中，变得更加灵敏了，他摸索着继续向下走的时候，午夜的气息笼罩在他的四周——这是潮湿的、肥沃的土地的气息，几乎就同面包团一样的珍贵，还有淡淡的粗糙的岩石的气息。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

It is the macro effect of accumulative micro fracture in all period of time that spallation failure is induced by reflection of stress wave emerges.

研究结果表明：应力波延续时间和应力幅值对岩石的层裂过程影响较大，不同形状的应力波实际上是在相同时段内应力波具有不同的应力幅值和不同的应力加载速率，不同形状的应力波对介质的作用结果是这些因素同时作用的综合反映；应力波反射诱发层裂过程的发生，是各个时刻不同加载条件下微破裂累积的宏观体现。

They left it to wind through a slashy cut, leading the horses through brittle branchwood, Jack, the same eagle feather in his old hat, lifting his head in the heated noon to take the air scented with resinous lodgepole, the dry needle duff and hot rock, bitter juniper crushed beneath the horses' hooves.

他们就不走正道了，带着马穿树丛。杰克，头上戴着顶插着那片鹰羽的旧帽，仰头呼吸空气，空气中充满各种味道，灌木树脂的，干的落叶松的，烫的岩石的，还有马蹄下黏的踩碎的苦松针的。

But instead of the darkness, and the thick and mephitic atmosphere he had expected to find, Dantès saw a dim and bluish light, which, as well as the air, entered, not merely by the aperture he had just formed, but by the interstices and crevices of the rock which were visible from without, and through which he could distinguish the blue sky and the waving branches of the evergreen oaks, and the tendrils of the creepers that grew from the rocks.

唐太斯本来以为洞里一定很黑暗，空气中一定带着浓重的腐臭味，但到了里面，他却看到一片浅蓝色的昏暗的光线，这种光线，象空气一样，并非只是从他刚才挖开的洞口那儿射来的，是从岩石的裂缝里穿进来。这些在洞外是看不到的，但到了洞里，却可以透过它们看到那蔚蓝的天空，看到那些长在石缝里的常春藤，卷须蔓和野草的枝叶。

The medium-grained sandstones and medium-fine-grained sandstones form good reservoirs and the poststones medium reservoirs, while siltstones form poor reservoirs and pelitic siltstones poorest reservoirs. Sand bodies mostly develop in sand-flats, tidal channels and distributary channels of braided stream delta microfacies. The reservoir rocks of sand-flat and tidal channel are best with the physical property. Diagenesis such as compaction, cementation and dissolution has strongly reformed the reservoir rocks and the late dissolution has greatly improved their porosity and permeability.

中粒砂岩、中细粒砂岩属好储层，细粒砂岩属中等储层，粉细砂岩，粉砂岩属较差储层，而泥质粉砂岩则属差储层；砂坪、潮道和辫状河三角洲分流河道微相中的砂体最发育，它们决定了储集岩的发育、分布及原始物性条件；砂坪和潮道储集岩的物性最好，辫状河三角洲分流河道储集岩的物性次之，砂泥混合坪、辫状河三角洲分流河道间储集岩的物性较差；成岩作用对本区CⅠ油组的储层有强烈的改造作用，尤其是较晚期的溶蚀作用对岩石的储集性能有明显的改善，对本区CⅠ油组中孔高渗透储层的形成有很大的贡献。

Owing to lack of formation temperature data of mylonites, such problems as the formation depth, metamorphic evolution, deformation mechanism, exhumation history of mylonites, relation with host rocks and explanation of isotopic age data are difficult to interpret correctly and reasonably.

提要：在缺少糜棱岩形成温度资料的情况下，糜棱岩的形成深度，与所叠加岩石的关系，变质演化，抬升-剥露历史，矿物的变形机制，同位素年龄数据的解释等一系列问题就很难得到正确合理的解释。

Given what geologists think the temperature of these zircons was when they formed, that means the diamonds were probably squeezed into being by the pressure of 100-150 kilometres of crustal rock lying above them.

假定地质学家所认定的锆石的温度就是指它们成形时需要的温度，那也就是说那些钻石很可能在承受了来自于外部的，厚达100到150公里的地壳岩石的压力后被挤压成形。

Through the investigation, the existent orderliness of gypsum was studied by reconnaissance and survey in locale, and analyzed the physical and chemical quality of bedrock by means of much of experiment, furthermore gained a series of dynamical parameter by considering particularly the representative nature of the sample and selecting unflabby soft rock and intact gypsum samples.

在研究中通过现场调研、勘察，分析了石膏层在泥岩中的分布规律，并且充分考虑了试验的代表性，选取松弛程度较小的泥岩和未被溶蚀的石膏岩试样，进行了大量的室内与现场试验，分析了坝基岩石的物理化学性质，并获取了一系列的力学指标。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。