岩石圈

There are three constraints on the rheological structure of the lithosphere, namely, constant strain rate, constant tectonic force and the strainratedependent force. However they can not describe the realistic distribution of the strain rate in the lithosphere.

对目前存在的3种应变率约束条件（常应变率，常构造力，与应变率有关的构造力约束）进行了讨论，它们都不能真实地反映岩石圈内的应变率分布及实际观测。

In the new model the tectonic driving force is not the mantle convection, but the relative movement of horizontal shear between the continental lithosphere slab due to A-type subduction characterized by spreading and separating and the asthenosphere.

新模式不是以地幔对流运动，而是以扩张分离A型俯冲的大陆岩石圈板片与软流圈之间的水平剪切相对运动机制作为它的躯动力。

The results of the study indicate:(1) the stress, strain and velocity fields as well as the uplift rates of the model are consistent essentially with those of the prototype in nature;(2) the major driving force for intraplate tectonic deformation in central-eastern Asia results mainly from the compression of the Indian plate;(3) the existence of the RSBs, such as those of Tarim, Alxa, Ordos and Sichuan basin, is one of the basic origins for the development of large-scale compressional basins and the table-like uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau;(4) The netlike plastic-flow in the lower lithosphere is faster than the displacement in the upper layer, controlling the tectonic stress and deformation fields in the upper crust;(5) the weakness layer distributed discontinuously in the middle crust influences the level of difference between the stress directions in the lower lithosphere and those in the seismogenic layer.

研究结果表明：(1)模型中的应力场、应变场、位移速度场和地表隆升速率，与自然条件下的实际状况基本相符；(2)中东亚板内构造变形的驱动力源主要来自印度板块的推挤作用；(3)塔里木、阿拉善、鄂尔多斯、四川盆地等相对稳定块体的存在是促成大型压性盆地形成和青藏高原平台式隆升的基本原因之一；(4)岩石圈下层的网状塑性流动超前于上层，控制上层的构造应力场和变形场；(5)中部地壳的非连续分布软弱层影响上、下层之间应力方向的差异程度。

Also being with the metamorphic crystalline basement formed later and suffered the stronger tectonic event and the material composition reforming, being composed of the material with low density and existing the relatively weak intrinsic mechanical system, Huaxia massif was affected by the various tectonic movement in the later period, the layers inside the lithosphere interacted under action of the tectonic force, this led to the material composition and the structure regulated and changed constantly by the magmatism in the crust, underplating and faulting and folding, therefore, the ability to resist the deformation decreased with the every variation.

华夏地块变质结晶基底形成时代晚，并遭受更多更强构造变动与物质组分的改造使之物质组成密度较小，岩石圈先期固有的力学结构系统相对较弱，尤其是后期的地球大系统的历次构造运动都对其施加影响，构造动力作用下引起内部圈层间相互发生作用，导致内部物质成分、结构形态通过壳内岩浆活动、地幔底侵作用、断裂褶皱等不断的调整重组重建而变化，其每一次调整变化，都使其总体抵抗变形能力进一步降低。

It is known from this paper that the evolutions of Palaeo Protrozoic and Archaean lithospheres in Fennoscandian shield are very different.The trans European suture zone results from the reworking of Precambrian crust and also from the Caledonian and Variscan terr...

通过研究，人们已认识到芬诺斯堪的亚地盾古元古代、太古代岩石圈演化特征有明显不同；横跨欧洲的缝合带既是前寒武纪地壳显生宙重新活动的结果，也是加里东和华力西地体增生作用的结果；乌拉尔造山带是古生代微大陆碎块进一步裂解、崩解、增生到东欧大陆边缘的结果；侏罗纪到现代的非洲—阿拉伯板块及其间的大陆地体与欧洲板块相互作用制约了喀尔巴阡和迪纳拉造山带演化，同时影响了东欧克拉通边缘应力场，也深深地波及到克拉通内部，形成裂谷作用。

Structural Geology A is a brach subject and base of geology ,.

是一门地质专业基础课，研究的对象是地壳或岩石圈中，小尺度的地质构造。

Summing up these results, we think that the Yinmawanshan batholith came from the mixing, the fractional crystallization and the crust contamination of the enriched lithospheric mantle and the low crust magma.3、the time relationship between the Yinmawanshan batholith' formation and the tectonic extension The field observation and petrology have clearly showed that the Yinmawanshan batholith intruded in the forming period of the Liaonan metamorphic core complex, so this provided direct geological evidence to the viewpoint that the early Cretaceous magamatism of the eastern China developed in the extensionally tectonic setting.

还有一个证据来自对A型花岗岩的研究。A型花岗岩的年代学研究结果显示在东北的大兴安岭地区、张广才岭地区、本文研究区的辽东半岛，几乎所有的上述A型花岗岩都是在120-130 Ma期间形成的，与本文研究的饮马湾山I型花岗岩同时。地球化学资料还显示，这些花岗岩基本具有A1型非造山花岗岩的特点，充分反映了我国东部早白垩世的地质演化与伸展体制有关。根据上述资料我们推测，辽东半岛南部饮马湾山岩体形成时的我国东部由于受岩石圈减薄作用影响而使全区处于伸展构造体制。

In the 90's geoscientists both at home and abroad have applied the modern sophisticated methods and techniques in geoscientific research.

90年代，国内外地学工作者将现代科学的新方法、新技术应用于地球科学研究中，通过深海钻探、高温高压技术与地球物理手段等多种方法综合研究，致使在：地球的核-幔组分；CO2的起源、全球变化及其与成矿的关系；岩石圈的演化与缺氧事件、生物灭绝、海底扩张及成矿的相关性等诸多固体地球科学研究领域，均取得了若干最新的认识和重要进展。

Based on a twodimensional model, smallscale convection in the upper mantlelithosphere system with variable viscosity is researched by using finite element method.

基于二维模型，利用有限元方法，研究上地幔-岩石圈系统的变黏度小尺度对流。

Southeast Asia ,being a part of the Circum－ Pacific tectono－ magmatic belt,is one of the most complex tectonically active regions since the Mesozoic.

东南亚地区地处西太平洋构造－岩浆活动带上，是中新生代以来地球岩石圈中最复杂的构造活动区之一，也是全球浅成低温热液金矿床的重要产区之一。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。