岩石圈

The state of gravitational equilibrium between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere of the Earth such that lithospheric plates "float" at a given elevation depending on their thickness.

地球的岩石圈和软流圈之间的重力均态是岩石圈板块"浮"在一定的高程上。

The best models suggest that the topographic stress and the convergence forces of the adjacent plate are controlling factors on the active faults in Tibetan Plateau, and the drag force under the lithosphere caused by the convection of the asthenosphere material also plays an important role as the boundary condition of the model.

在考虑青藏高原地形附加重力作用和周边板块汇聚作用对现今大型断裂带运动特征控制作用的同时，岩石圈之下的橄榄岩软流圈至转换带物质对流对岩石圈的拖曳力也是必须考虑的底部边界条件。

The formation and evolution of magma have experienced three stages:① thermal fluid led to higher partial melting of lithosphere mantle and then formed hypoalkaline basalt with saturated initial sulfur when ascending asthenosphere contacted with the lithosphere mantle;② the initial magma intruded into the lower crust to form magma chamber, the crystallization of magma produced stratiform-like cumulate, including olivine, hypersthene, augite, magnetite, and then formed residual gabbroic magma with the participance of crustal material;③ the residual magma and ore-bearing cumulate intruded upward successively to shape original mafic complex rocks in Wuxing when the magma chamber cracked.

岩浆形成与演化经历了3个阶段：①上升的软流圈与岩石圈地幔接触，热流体作用导致岩石圈地幔发生高度部分熔融，形成初始硫饱和的次碱性玄武岩；②初始岩浆上侵，在下地壳形成岩浆房，岩浆结晶作用形成以似层状橄榄石、紫苏辉石、普通辉石和磁铁矿等为主的堆晶岩，在地壳物质的参与下形成残余辉长质岩浆；③岩浆房破裂，残余岩浆和含有熔体(0%)的堆晶岩相先后上侵形成五星原始镁铁质杂岩。

This reflects that the continent is the piece-togrther block of many blocks and the continent was conserved, and evolved and suffered many times tectonic reworking, which made the integrated strength of the lithosphere with apparently differentness and variation in different tectonic units and different location of the same unit.

这也充分反映大陆是多块体的拼合体，长期被保存、演化，遭受多次构造变动使之总体岩石圈综合强度随不同的构造单元与同一单元不同构造部位具有明显的差异和多变，从而也反映了大陆形成、演化成因和结构与组成的特殊性与复杂性，区别于大洋岩石圈。

The mineral chemistry, trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry of different types of deep-seated inclusions indicate that Group Ⅰinclusions in western Shaudong could be the relicts of high degree of partial melting of the mantle-derived peridotites and then subjected to mantle metasomatism; the dunite and harzburgite in Group Ⅱ inclusions could be resulted from the metasomatism of silica-rich melts in the upper mantle; the olivine-pyroxenite and pyroxenite in Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ inclusions could be magmatic cumulates derived from magma underplating in the upper mantle.

不同结构类型深源岩石包体的矿物化学、元素和同位素地球化学研究表明，鲁西具有变质变形结构特征的橄榄岩类岩石包体为岩石圈地幔橄榄岩部分熔融后的残留体，其后又遭受了地幔交代作用的改造；具有变质变形结构，并叠加有矿物反应结构的纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩类包体为古老岩石圈地幔被富硅质熔体改造的结果；具有残留岩浆结晶结构的橄榄岩、橄辉岩类岩石包体以及具有变晶结构或堆晶结构的辉石岩类包体为地幔更早期岩浆作用的在上地幔的堆积体。

Incorporating lithospheric mantle effect into isostasy model, we analyzed the isostasy state of 20 tectonic units in China continent.

本文基于岩石圈尺度的质量平衡模型研究了中国大陆20个构造单元地壳及地幔岩石圈对地形海拔的贡献，以及各块体的均衡状态。

Since the size of the Earth is essentially constant, new lithosphere can be created at the mid-ocean

因为地球的大小本质上是不变的，只有同等数量的岩石圈物质在其他地方被吞没，新的岩石圈才能生成。

Continental lithosphere is significantly different from oceanic lithosphere in the aspect of composition,thickness and mechanical strength.

大陆岩石圈和大洋岩石圈在成分、厚度和力学强度方面有明显的差别。

The high Mg^# calc-alkaline and high Mg^# shoshonitic series in Qiangtang-Mangkang area indicate some intracontinental subduction happened ever in the middle part of the plateau, then the subducted slab broke off and asthenosphere was upwelled 30Ma ago, while the lithospheric mantle was melt to form low Mg^# peralkaline potassic, ultrapotassic series.

综合地球物理资料，提出青藏高原在印度大陆岩石圈的强力楔入下，高原内部软流圈物质沿欧亚岩石圈地幔俯冲板片的顶部向北东和南东挤出，使上覆岩石圈地幔发生剪切破裂，形成一系列串珠状高速体与低速体的相间分布，并随时间不断向北扩展。

The results show that two earthquake epicenters are located in the vicinity of declination and inclination zero line.

结果表明：（1）两次震中均位于岩石圈磁场的磁偏角和磁倾角零值线附近；（2）震后震中百公里范围内岩石圈磁场分量均出现了不同程度的异常变化；（3）震中附近岩石圈磁场出现了明显的与地震相关的变化，该变化在两个震区表现出相近的规律性。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。