岩石圈

Estruction is another kind of plate boundary: a subduction zone.

销毁旧岩石圈的地方形成另外一种板块边界：一块潜没的区域。

The material for formation of the granitoids isderived from mixing sources of crust and mantle, with decreasing in crust-derived componentsfrom early to late.5. The tectonic setting for formation of the Mesozoic granitoids in the region isdefined as a post-collisional setting. The occurrence of a small part of rocks with characteristics ofcollisional or anorogenic granitoids provides evidence for the continuous process oftransformation of tectonic regime from collisional through post-collisional to anorogenic.6. Themultiple cycles of mantle-derived magma underplating caused by the multiple stages oflithospheric thinning in the Mesozoic result in the partial melting of middle to lower crust orcrust-mantle syntexis to form magmas. The crystallization of these magmas emplacing afterfractionation is responsible for the formation of the Mesozoic granitoids in this region.

形成花岗岩类的成岩物质来自壳幔混源。5、河南省西部地区中生代花岗岩类成岩构造环境为碰撞后环境，部分岩石具有碰撞期或非造山期花岗岩的某些特征，表明碰撞后阶段既是碰撞造山过程的延续，又是向非造山环境的构造转换时期，因而其岩浆活动在一定程度上仍然继承了碰撞前消减时期和碰撞时期已经活化的岩浆源区性质。6、研究表明，区内中生代多阶段的岩石圈减薄作用引发多旋回的幔源岩浆底侵以及中下地壳的部分熔融或壳幔同熔，由此形成的岩浆经分异演化后侵位可以形成区内的中生代花岗岩类。

There are high-velocity density layers in the lower crust, which would be represent crust-mantle mixing layer formed by mantle material upwell The model of lithosphere subduction and underplating of mafic magma is supported by all geophysic data

在下地壳下部存在高速致密物质层，可能代表了上地幔物质上涌形成的壳-幔混合层，上述地球物理资料均支持岩石圈消减作用和玄武岩浆底侵作用。

For some years volcanism, but the kinds of geologic activity observed at the two boundaries kerosene continued to be the principal one.

在 20 世纪 60 年代它的理论雏形中，描述了海底的生成和毁灭，但没有详细介绍坚硬的岩石圈板块。

Ma,and lithosphere delamination and thermal exhumation during 196～163?Ma.The rapid thermal exhumation,co\|occurred with extensive regional metamorphism and intermediate\|acidic magmatism,implied that the subducted slabs had broken off and delaminated.The p T t path of UHPM consists of two curves,i.e.,a barrette\|like curve reflecting the process of cold slab subduction and exhumation,and a crescent curve representing the thermal exhumation after slab breakoff.

通过全面评述该区变质岩研究成果，作者认为：超高压变质岩的形成和剥露经历了240～200 Ma的板片冷俯冲冷折返和196～163 Ma的岩石圈拆沉热折返；热折返伴随了广泛而强烈的区域变质作用和中酸性岩浆活动，指示板片断离拆沉的发生；超高压变质岩p-T-t轨迹由两部分组成，即反映板片冷俯冲冷折返过程的发夹状曲线和指示板片断离拆沉热折返过程的新月形曲线。

Distant effect of Jurassic collisions of Qiangtang terrane,Lasa terrane and Paleo\|Pacific land onto the Eurasian land made East Qinling\|Dabie Mountains in a compressional circumstance for a long time,and suppressed its orogenic extension;whereas,Cretaceous late\|collisional extension and appearance of West Pacific trench\|arc\|basin system relieved East Qinling\|Dabie Mountains of external compression,instantly result in violent orogenic lithosphere delamination\|extension and depressurized\|calefactive melting,and consequently,led to the formation of large scale Early Cretaceous granitoids and intermediate\|acidic volcanic rocks.

羌塘地体、拉萨地体和西太平洋古陆在侏罗纪与欧亚大陆拼贴碰撞的远距离效应使东秦岭-大别造山带长期处于挤压环境，伸展作用被抑制；白垩纪的碰撞晚期伸展和西太平洋沟弧盆体系的远距离效应使东秦岭-大别地区的外部挤压消失，导致造山带岩石圈迅速强烈拆沉伸展和减压增温熔融，从而形成大规模早白垩世花岗岩类和中酸性火山岩。

In the case of sufficiently young chasmic basins high heat flows are due to lithospheric cooling.

这种相当年轻的裂陷盆地的高热流是由岩石圈冷却所引起的。

The analysis of the chemical composition of mineral inclusions including olivine, garnet, clinopyroxene, and chromite from Mengyin and Fuxian diamonds, reveals that the major elements of mineral inclusions in diamond show characters with high depletion in basaltic composition.

对山东蒙阴、辽宁复县两地金刚石中包裹体矿物包括橄榄石、石榴石、单斜辉石和铬铁矿的化学成分进行了深入分析，金刚石包裹体矿物的主量元素显示华北地台至少在古生代金伯利岩侵位时具高度亏损玄武质的难熔克拉通岩石圈地幔特征。

The whole-rock major element and REE trends are broadly consistent with fractional crystallization dominated by clinopyroxene, amphibole and accessory minerals.

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所岩石圈演化国家重点实验室和矿产资源研究重点实验室，北京 100029

The harzburgite inclusions in western Liaoning could be relicts of partial melting of the mantle-derived peridotites; the amphibole-bearing spinel lherzolites could be representative of Phanerozoic accreted lithospheric mantle; the pyroxenite xenoliths with cumulate textures would be the cumulates of magma derived from asthenosphere in the upper mantle; the granulite and gneisses with crystalloblastic textures could be derived from the lower crust in the region.

辽西尖晶石方辉橄榄岩为地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的残留体；含角闪石的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩可能代表了显生宙新增生的岩石圈地幔；具有堆晶结构的辉石岩类包体为源于软流圈的母岩浆在上地幔顶部的堆积层；而具有变晶结构的麻粒岩和片麻岩类岩石包体则代表了本区下部地壳的物质组成，是岩浆上升过程中捕虏的深部地壳岩石包体。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。