岩石圈

In contrast, the two rock associations at the south belts were derived from mesomatised lithospheric mantle. However, the ultramfic-alkaline rock association was resulted from immiscibility of parent magma, whereas sodic alkaline rocks were produced by highly differentiation at deep level.

南部的两种岩石组合类型均起源于岩石圈地幔，并在部分熔融之前发生过交代富集作用，但是超镁铁质岩-碱性岩组合为原始岩浆经不混熔作用形成，而钠质碱性岩是原始岩浆在深部经历了高度分离结晶的产物。

Three problems are discussed in this paper.(1) The evolutio n of orogenic belt constitutes the main part of the global continental lithosphe re growth. The phenomena of continent connected but not united is a tectonic mar k, which indicates the amalgamated continents and the interjacent orogen did not complete the unified crotonization.

讨论了三个问题：(1)造山带的演化是全球大陆岩石圈演化的重要组成部分，大陆联而不合的现象是两拼接陆块与居间造山带未统一克拉通化的构造标志。

Here we propose that the heterogeneity of lithospheric thermal-rheological structure and tectonic inheritance are the controlling factors for intracontinental deformation.

大陆岩石圈热－流变学结构非均质性及其构造继承性对大陆内部构造变形起控制作用。

As the most magnificent active intracontinental orogen to the north of Tibetan Plateau, Tianshan is the key to reveal the lithospheric structures and the window for studying the Cenozoic intracontinental deformation and mountain-basin formation geodynamics in the Central Asia region.

作为青藏高原以北最宏伟的活动陆内造山带，天山成为揭示中亚地区岩石圈结构的关键，同时也是研究中亚地区晚新生代陆内变形、造山成盆地球动力学过程的窗口。

Various hypotheses about isostasy take into account density, thickness, and pressure variations to explain topographic variations among lithospheric plates.

有关地壳均衡的多种假说考虑到密度、厚度和并用压力变化来解释岩石圈板块间的地形变化。

Except for Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions, the results derived from lithospheric isostasy model are closer to observed elevations and consistent with vertical velocities of crustal movement in most tectonic units.

通过对均衡状态分析，我们得到以下主要结论：(1)构造稳定地区均衡程度较高；(2)青藏高原及周边造山带现今地壳运动主要为区域构造过程及深部动力学过程所控制，均衡调整过程不是主要控制因素；(3)现今地壳垂直运动比较明显的块体处于均衡调整阶段，地表垂直运动的大小反映了该区所受的均衡力作用的程度；(4)构造稳定地区基于岩石层均衡的理论计算海拔与观测海拔之差值和现今地壳垂直运动速率有较好的相关性，据此我们可以通过均衡分析研究构造块体的运动趋势和动力学性质；(5)地慢热结构对现今地形、海拔及地壳垂直运动有显著影响，在处理均衡问题时，地慢岩石圈热结构是我们必须考虑的重要因素。

The earlier rift Phase is composed of two sub-rift episodes withquick subsidence, and the later thermal subsidence was superimposed with rapidsubsidence related to crustal isostasy induced by higher density mantle and cooling ofthe lithosphere.

渤海盆地内的后期热沉降叠加了12Ma以来由高密度地幔及岩石圈冷却诱发的快速均衡沉降。

The essential reason for this problem comes from the thermally-caused lithospheric mantle density variation effects on the isostacy models: in traditional isostasy models, the effects from mantle lithosphere are excluded.

观测表明，大陆地区存在很多传统均衡模型无法解释的现象，其根本原因在于传统均衡理论中没有考虑地幔岩石圈部分由于热结构差异导致密度差异的影响。

Through the experiments of three kinds of models mentioned above, the structural deformations of "outflow-extension","strike-slip-extension" and "uplifting-extension" are studied and some viewpoints involving that the plastic flow in the lower lithosphere controls the extensional structures are stated as follows:(1) Regional extensional structure does not result from the direct extension along the upper crust, but from the plastic flow in the lower lithosphere and its dragging and stretching the upper crust;(2) Deformation of continental extensional structure resulted from the active uplifting of mantle is conditional that the significant extension occurs only in the models with free- or outflow-boundary condition on both sides, whereas the passive uplining of mantle exists widely, because it is an inevitable consequence of the efiect of thermo-gravity isostasy;(3) Strike-slip shearing in the lower ductile lithosphere, including site-restricted and site-unrestricted shearing, can result in various types of extension structures;(4) The"graben-horst"type extensional structures can be formed in difierent mechanisms, including outnow-extension, shear-extension, uplifting-extension and their synthetical action.

通过上述三种模型的模拟试验，比较系统地研究了"泄流-伸展"、"走滑-伸展"和"上隆-伸展"等构造变形，提出岩石圈下层塑性流动控制了各种伸展构造变形的观点，主要包括以下几方面：(1)区域性伸展构造不是上层直接受到拉伸，主要是下层流动牵引上层伸展；(2)地幔主动上隆引起大陆伸展构造变形是有条件的，需要侧边伸展或不受约束的边界条件，而被动上隆广泛存在于地壳断裂或减薄部位，是热和重力均衡的必然结果；(3)下层塑性流动中的走滑剪切，包括限位剪切或非限位剪切，可以引起不同型式的伸展构造；(4)总结了"堑-垒"型伸展构造的多种成因机制，包括泄流、走滑、上隆及综合作用均可形成"堑-垒"构造，但组合形式不尽相同。

Except for HIMU-type OIB with negativeΔ7/4 ratios in the Wandashan massif, all other rocks have positiveΔ7/4 andΔ8/4 values, a feature of the Laurasia continent in the Northern Hemisphere.

除完达山外来拼贴地体的HIMU型OIB具有负的△7/4值，东北地区中生代火成岩都为正的△7/4和△8/4值，显示出亲北方劳亚大陆的岩石圈属性。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。