岩石

In this study, EPMA and LA-ICP-MS were used to determine the major and trace element concentrations, respectively, of apatites from Transhimalayan granitoids. The results indicate that F, Mn, Sr and REEs in apatites generally show good correlations with compositions of their host magmas and thus have high potential to be utilized as petrogenetic tracers. More specifically, F and Mn contents in apatites are covariant with the aluminosity of the host rocks so that can be used as an indicator for magma differentiation. Combining with Sr and REE data, which show significant variations in apatites from different rock types, these elements may be furthermore used to construct "discrimination diagrams" for more detailed investigations of complex petrogenetic processes such as magma mixing and compositional heterogeneity.

本研究中，电子微探以及雷射烧蚀感应耦合电浆质谱术分别被用以量测藏南火成岩中磷灰石的主量与微量元素含量，微区分析的结果显示，磷灰石的氟、锰、锶以及稀土元素均与岩浆源成分展现良好的对比关系，揭示了它们应用在岩石成因示踪上的优秀潜力：其中，磷灰石氟、锰含量的变化与原岩的铝饱和情形息息相关，因此可以作为岩浆分异程度的指标；而锶以及稀土元素则在不同岩石类型来源的磷灰石中展现了明显的丰度变化，因此综合这些元素将有机会进一步建立岩浆来源的「鉴别图」，甚而以此讨论岩石成因，例如：岩浆混合与源区组成的不均一性。

The strength of rock material has the characteristics of random distribution. Combined with Mohr′s criteria, theory result is acquired to analyse the variation in strength of rock material by use of damage mechanics. By comparing this theory result with a group of experiment data on Carrara marble, it is shown that the damage mechanics model is suitable for describing the constitute property of rock material.

首先论述岩石材料强度的概率统计特性，结合经典的莫尔准则，利用损伤力学理论分析了岩石强度随围压的变化，给出了三轴应力状态下的岩石本构关系的表达式，并与Carrara大理岩在各种围压下的应力-应变曲线进行对比。

This thesis studies the volcanic tectono-petrofacies, petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry, isotopic chronology, stratum and high-precision SHRIMP zircon U-Pb datings of the Mt.Yandangshan volcano-intrusive complex, and concludes that: Yandangshan volcanic rock units belong to high-K calc-alkaline acid rock associations, mainly ryholitic and trachytic dacitic in composition. They have A/CNK values of 0.9-1.2 (i.e., aluminium saturation and supersaturation), enriched LREE and LILEs and depleted HFSE. Their 8Eu values are 0.11-0.32, indicating a evident fractional evolution of plagioclase crystallization. Their ∑REE varied very limitedly,(87~Sr/(86)Sri ratios and eNd values are 0.7086～0.7095 and -10.20～-9.96 for volcanic rocks, and 0.7087~0.7095 and -7.6～6.92 for the central intrusive facies syenite, which means that all the igneous rocks from Mt. Yandangshan are evolutional products of magmas with the same source, and that they derived mainly from crust, but mixed with mantle components.

本文从火山构造岩相学、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、同位素年代学、地层学等方面出发，同时结合高精度SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年，对雁荡山火山岩进行了系统的研究，确定雁荡山火山岩为一套以流纹质和粗面英安质为主体的高钾钙碱性酸性岩石组合，A/CNK值集中在0.9～1.2之间，为铝饱和或铝过饱和类型；富轻稀土元素和大阳离子亲石元素、相对亏损高场强元素：负铕异常明显，δEu值为0.11～0.32，表明岩浆经历了以斜长石为主的强烈结晶分异作用：岩石样品的∑REE变化有限，火山岩样品的~(87Sr/~(86)Sr_i为0.7086～0.7095，εNd为-10.20～-9.96，中央侵入体石英正长岩~(87Sr/~(86)Sr_i为0.7087～0.7095，εNd为-7.6～-6.92，表明它们是同源岩浆分异演化的产物，物质来源主要为陆壳，但有地幔物质参与。

The results indicate that as the ERT has a advantage of being able to multi-directional imaging and monitor, on the basis of a analysis of resistivity images obtained at different directions, it is possible to characterize the spatial distribution patterns of the rock structure, and illustrate the anisotropic properties of the spatial distribution patterns in the rock resistivity changes during water saturation and desaturation processes.

结果表明，电阻率成像法在分析岩石裂隙介质的各向异性方面具有多方向成像和动态监测的优点，可以通过对不同方向上获得的电阻率图像的分析，提取出岩石沉积结构的空间分布模式，清晰地反映出岩石在饱水和排水过程中电阻率变化空间分布模式的各向异性特征。

Next, take the rock mechanics as a foundation, has analyzed the gas drilling broken rock mechanism; Thought that the gas drilling broken rock mechanism is different with the conventional drilling fluid well drilling, the bottom of the well rock destruction way destroys for the volume, the bottom of the well rock and the drill bit contact plane disproportionality causes the gas well drilling well diviation another reason.

其次，以岩石力学为基础，分析了气体钻井破岩机理；认为气体钻井破岩机理不同于常规钻井液钻井，井底岩石破坏方式为体积破坏，井底岩石与钻头接触平面不均衡性是导致气体钻井井斜的又一原因。

A digital image -based technique was proposed to characterize and quantify the heterogeneity of rock, and it was implemented into RFPA code in order to simulate the complete failure process of rock under both the exter

本文提出了用数字图像处理技术表征岩石非均匀性的基本方法，并通过把该技术实施到岩石破裂过程分析程序RFPA中，来模拟非均匀岩石在外载荷和渗流耦合作用下发生破裂的整个过程。

According to the Stress Wave Theory on explosive exploding propagating in the rock, it builds up mathematical model of fractural ranges in the rock, and carry out actual calculation and analysis on fractural range of bench shooting in deep-hole.

根据炸药爆炸在岩石中传播的应力波理论，建立岩石爆破破裂范围数学模型，并对深孔梯段爆破破裂范围进行了实行计算分析，计算结果为：混装乳化炸药岩石深孔梯段爆破侧向底部破裂范围为1.9m。

All rocks release large fraction of argon between 300 and 700℃ except garnetiferous mica schist. The amount of argon released between 700 and 1100℃ has a positive relation to Ca/K value on the whole. The saturation implantation dose of rocks in this experiment is～10〓 ions/cm〓.

除含石榴石云母片岩氩放气峰在900℃以外，其它岩石都在300-700℃放出大部分氩气，所有岩石在1100℃以下都释放了其中大部分的氩气。700-1100℃放出的氩气量基本与Ca/K呈正相关关系。120keV氩离子注入多种岩石的饱和剂量为～10〓粒子/cm〓。

Unloading nonlinear rock mass mechanics, one new concept in geotechnics, is put forward by the author in this paper, and whose main researching contents are discussed in the paper.

提出卸荷非线性岩石力学的概念及其主要内容，指出卸荷非线性岩石力学与加载岩石力学的区别。

Detailed geology- petrology-mineralogy study shows that late Triassic-early Jurassic granites can be divided into 4 groups: granodiorites, monzonitic-K syenogranites mainly, alkali feldspar-alkali granites and syenite, Middle Jurassic granites is composed of quartz diorites-granodiorites and monzonitic granites, the main rock type includes granodiorites and monzogranites; Early Cretaceous granites include alkali gabbro, alkali granites and granodiorites, and these rocks composed bimodal igneous rock group.

详细的地质-岩石矿物学研究表明，晚三叠-早侏罗世花岗岩可以划分成四种岩石组合，即花岗闪长岩组合、二长花岗岩—正长花岗岩组合、碱长花岗岩—碱性花岗岩组合和正长岩组合，其中以二长花岗岩—正长花岗岩组合为主；中侏罗世花岗岩由石英闪长岩-花岗闪长岩组合和二长花岗岩组合构成，岩石类型以花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩为主；早白垩世出现了碱性辉长岩、碱性花岗岩和花岗闪长岩，构成双峰式火成岩组合。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。