岩浆

Typical volcanic cone in shape, said the volcanic cone, cone with crater, volcanic crater under the deep crustal magma channel and connected.

典型的火山外形呈圆锥形，称火山锥，锥顶有火山口，火山口下有火山通道与地壳深处岩浆相连。

Our project is based on Cenozoic volcanic rocks and deep seated xenoliths in it to reconstruct the source composition and ctructure. We did field investigation, collection of samples, determination of age and composition characteristics of selected samples. The new achievements are following. 1 recognized a potassic metasomatic source of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks through an integrated research of volcanic rocks and their sources. 2 analysis of TM images suggests the Tuoyun basin is a basin with a volcano group instead of a simple volcano-tectonic basin. We found several volcanic craters and cone, and detected three such craters. 3 systematic reseach of volcanic sections and collection of samples both of volcanic rocks and xenoliths, the later includes peridotite, granulite, gneiss and variety of megacrysts. This is propitious to our further research at this rigion. We would like to point that we collected some peridotite large than 20cm in diameter. It could used to variety of analysis and end the history without mantle chemistry records in the region. 4 we got a U-Pb SHRIMP age of 3.87 Ma for the Kangxiwa basalt.It is the youngest record of U-Pb SHRIMP age in China and provide a chronology restriction for last uplifting of Tibet plateau. 5 the investigation of alkali syenite-synogranite in Taxkogan suggests that the origin of Parmir syntex is related to the Cenozoic magmatism.

本项目立足于从火山岩属性和深源捕掳体反演源区成分与结构两个途径，利用火山岩综合研究成果对地幔源区进行了初步反演，提出源区经受过强烈钾质交代的观点；对重点工作区TM图像进行了初步解译，新发现若干了火山口，并对其中三个火山口作了实地查验，为进一步全面深入开展该区的火山地质学及相关科学问题打下了良好基础，认为托云盆地是一个火山群，而不是一个单一的火山构造盆地；系统测制了火山岩剖面，新采集了一批重要的火山岩和深源岩石捕虏体样品，为下一步工作打下基础，特别是采集到了直径打20cm的幔源橄榄岩包体，可用于各种测试，将可以结束西部造山带没有地幔岩化学分析结果的历史；对康西瓦玄武岩进行了测年分析，取得了我国目前最年轻的锆石U-Pb SHRIMP年龄，对青藏高原挽近地质时期的隆升提供了年代学约束；对帕米尔东缘塔什库尔干碱性岩体的动力学意义进行了探讨，提出青藏高原西部构造结的形成与岩浆活动有关的观点。

Other volcanic lightning episodes may be facilitated by charge-inducing collisions in volcanic dust.

有一个假说称，喷射出来的岩浆或者火山灰本身都是带电的，所以在他们移动的过程中会产生一些闪电。

Occurrence of tectonic heat event on late-Mesozoic in Ordos basin result from intensive thermal mobility of deep lithosphere on the late-Mesozoic,Thermal mobility of deep lithosphere in sourth region is stronger than in north region. Mantle occur underplating and thickness of lithosphere reduce, magma invasion and eruption occur on late-Mesozoic. Ordos basin be in weak extension environment on late-Mesozoic.

鄂尔多斯盆地中生代晚期构造热事件发生的根本原因在于中生代晚期岩石圈深部的热活动增强，盆地南部岩石圈深部热活动性更强，早白垩世鄂尔多斯盆地处于一种弱拉张的构造环境，地幔发生底侵作用，岩石圈减薄，发生岩浆侵入和喷发。

Wolframite might crystalize at about 750℃. Independent minerals of Nb and Ta were not found under 800～600℃, 100× 10〓Pa and 0.64wt% F conditions, although Nb〓O〓 content might reach 1160×10〓 at 600℃.

随着岩浆温度从800℃降低到600℃，熔体中Nb〓O〓含量逐渐升高，600℃时Nb〓O〓含量可达1160×10〓，但在实验产物中仍然没有发现铌的独立矿物，更未发现钽的独立矿物。

Deep ultramafic xenolith is discovered in alkali-rich porphyry at Liuhe village, Heqing County, Yunnan Province.

云南省鹤庆县六合乡富碱斑岩体中的超镁铁深源岩石包体，对于研究富碱斑岩岩浆的起源和演化及其成岩成矿作用具有重要意义。

Taking Bendong and Xiqiu granitic bodies as an example, the thesis expounds geochemical characteristics of mantle-derived type granitoids in Sourthern China in REE and trace elements as follows: lower ∑REE, obvious fractionation of LREE and HREE, negative anomaly of Eu, relative higher ∑LREE/∑HREE,〓 and 〓 ratioes, rich in transitional elements and poor in large-ion lithophile and immobile elements compared with acidite means by Vinogradov. Original mantle-normalized distribution pattern of incompatible elements is one kind of rich -in-strongly incompatible elements type with enrich of K and loss of Sr, P, Ti and trace element association makes a feature of siderophile and chalcophile elements. The tectonomagmatic discriminating shows that mantle -derived granitoids in Southern China belong to orogenic granitoids formed in island arc/marginal sea basin system.

以本洞和西裘岩体为例，论文阐明了华南幔源型花岗岩稀土和微量元素地球化学特征，表现为稀土总量较低，轻重稀土元素分馏明显，负铕异常和∑LREE/∑HREE、〓、〓比值较高，与维氏酸性岩平均值相比华南幔源型花岗岩过渡族元素含量较高而大离子亲石元素和非活动性元素含量较低，不相容元素原始地幔标准化分配型式属强不相容元素富集型并呈K富集而Sr、P、Ti亏损的特点，微量元素组合以亲铁和亲铜元素为特征，构造岩浆判别显示华南幔源型花岗岩属造山花岗岩，其形成构造环境为岛弧/边缘海盆系统。

Study on the petrochmical,trace element chemical,REE geochemical and Pb isotopic geochemical characteristics of the Tongshan intrusive indicates that the quartz diorite,granodiorite and adamellite are products of three stages of the same periodfrom only one magmatic source.

通过岩石化学、微量元素地球化学、稀土元素地球化学、铅同位素地球化学特征研究表明，铜山石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩是同一岩浆源同一时期三个侵入阶段的产物，铜山岩体幔壳同熔型的复式岩体，属太平洋钙碱性岩石系列。

The mineralization temperature is in a range of 90℃~300℃, and the mineralization fluid is a combination of slightly acidic-slightly alkalic precipitations, seawater and magmatic water.

其成矿温度在90~300℃之间，成矿流体为低盐度的弱酸性－弱碱性大气降水、海水和岩浆水的混合溶液。

The crystallization temperature and pressure of clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the ankaramite and basalt were estimated on the basis of the clinopyroxene-melt equilibrium principle: 1345～1366℃ and 1.75～2.05Gpa for ankaramite, with average geothermal gradient of 20-24℃/km, suggesting anomalous heat or geothermal gradient in this region may be one of the key reasons to produce the porphyry copper deposits in the region. In contrast, those in the basalts fomed under a relatively low crystallization temperature (1129～1191℃), and the pressure (1.19～1.60Gpa) and depth (39～53km), suggesting that the basalt formed under a condition of lower temperature and pressure.

根据单斜辉石-熔体平衡原理计算了富辉橄玄岩和玄武岩中斑晶相辉石形成的温度和压力，前者变化范围主要集中在1345～1366℃和1.75～2.05GPa，其深度相当于58－67km，平均的地温梯度大约20～24℃/km，说明该区具有异常的热或地温梯度，这可能是导致本区斑岩铜矿形成的主要原因之一；后者的温度和压力都相对较低，分别为1129～1191℃和1.19～1.60Gpa，而相应的深度为39～53km，暗示着玄武岩是在相对低温低压的环境中形成的演化岩浆。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。