岩圈

Four potential exploration targets are: Drape and extruding anticline traps in the source rock drainage area in Chonta Formation in central-western basin; Traction and extruding anticline traps in the source rock drainage area in Pucara Group in central-southern basin; Pucara Group carbonate traps in central basin; Upper Cretaceous lithologic traps and Upper Paleozoic structural-stratigraphy traps in the northern and eastern exploratory area.

有潜力的勘探领域包括中西部白垩系Chonta组烃源岩供油区域的披覆和挤压背斜圈闭，中部和南部侏罗系Pucara群烃源岩供油区域的牵引背斜圈闭和挤压背斜圈闭，中部的Pucara群碳酸盐岩圈闭，北部和东部成熟探区上白垩统岩性圈闭和上古生界构造-地层圈闭。

This will have important implication to petrogenesis of alkaline rocks and their relationship to gold deposits, and structure of subcontinental lithospheric mantle and geodynamics.

此项研究成果对碱性岩的成因理论及其与金矿的关系以及探索本区大陆岩圈的结构和动力学过程均具有重要意义。

The maximum run-out distance is 3200m. The three cases are studied from the Niuquangou rockslide-debris flow at the south west segment of the main seismic fault, the Chengxi rockslide at the middle segment of the main seismic fault and the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow at the north east segment of the main seismic fault.The three cases illustrates following common characteristics:(1)parent rockmass is broken under long geologic processing and weathered;(2) Rockmass was separately expanded and thrown under long-period strong ground vibration in which the vertical motion was predominant along the main seismic fault;(3)sliding mass was crashed at the exiting zone and transferred to fragment material;(4) The secondary landslide was triggered underneath the exiting zone due to the powerful crashing and shaving processes that provides more mass to debris body and cushion shape;(5) The a long run-out distance fragment flow is occurred under air layer lubrication. The air layer was pressed and turbulently flowed in the narrow-shaped valley, or laminarly flowed in the extensive flatland.

本文重点解剖了位于地震破裂带南西段的汶川映秀牛圈沟滑坡-碎屑流、位于地震破裂带中段的北川城西滑坡和位于地震破裂带北东段青川东河口滑坡-碎屑流3个典型实例，认为具有如下特征：1）岩性条件：母岩遭受长期构造动力作用，呈碎裂岩体，后期被强烈风化，岩体极为破碎；(2）抛掷效应：位于汶川地震主断裂带或附近，垂直加速度大于水平加速度，强地面运动持时长，岩体发生振胀和抛掷；3）碰撞效应：上部滑坡体发生高位剪出和高位撞击，致使岩体碎屑化；(4）铲刮效应：撞击作用导致下部山体被铲刮，形成次级滑坡，为碎屑流体提供了足够展翼和抛洒物源体积；5）气垫效应：碎屑化岩体快速抛掷导致下部沟谷空气迅速谷状圈闭和向下紊流，形成气垫效应，或者，在下部地形开阔地带压缩空气呈层流状态致使滑体凌空飞行。

Based on the research of oil geology characteristic of Xing'anling group in Sudeerte area,by researching the three main accumulation factors source rock,transform pathway and trap for oil formation, showed that the main transform pathway for oil migration in K1n are source rock,unconformity and sand body,and trap related with fault is the main place for oil migration.

在苏德尔特地区兴安岭群石油地质特征研究的基础上，对其油成藏的源岩、输导通道和圈闭3个主要成藏要素进行了研究，得到南屯组是其主要源岩，源断裂、不整合面和砂体是油运移的主要输导通道，与断层有关的圈闭是油聚集的主要场所。

The Northern Uplift of the Tarim Basin had undergone a long-term compressional uplifting and erosion since the Early Paleozoic,and also integrated with the upwarp of the Cambrian gypsum formation,thus forming two basic types of carbonate rock traps,namely,weathered-crust buried hills and insider anticline traps.

塔北隆起自早古生代以来经历了长期的挤压隆升剥蚀过程，结合寒武系膏盐的塑性上拱，形成了两种基本的碳酸盐岩圈闭类型，即风化壳潜山和内幕背斜圈闭。

Affected by the allochthonous thrust block, the southern part of the anticline is exposed and is transected by the Aqike fault on the east side, thus unfavorable for petroleum trapping. However, in the autochthonous system, the petroleum-bearing rocks may provide oil and gas for the up-per traps of the para-autochthonous system through faults and discontinuous surfaces.

由于背斜上部外来系统中的推覆体南部翘起遭受剥蚀，东侧被阿其克断层破坏，因此对油气圈闭不利，但在北部异地推覆体之下，原地系统中过熟烃源岩及毗邻凹陷内的烃源岩可以通过断层、不整合面向上部准原地系统中的宽缓背斜圈闭供给油气。

The harzburgite inclusions in western Liaoning could be relicts of partial melting of the mantle-derived peridotites; the amphibole-bearing spinel lherzolites could be representative of Phanerozoic accreted lithospheric mantle; the pyroxenite xenoliths with cumulate textures would be the cumulates of magma derived from asthenosphere in the upper mantle; the granulite and gneisses with crystalloblastic textures could be derived from the lower crust in the region.

辽西尖晶石方辉橄榄岩为地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的残留体；含角闪石的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩可能代表了显生宙新增生的岩石圈地幔；具有堆晶结构的辉石岩类包体为源于软流圈的母岩浆在上地幔顶部的堆积层；而具有变晶结构的麻粒岩和片麻岩类岩石包体则代表了本区下部地壳的物质组成，是岩浆上升过程中捕虏的深部地壳岩石包体。

Lithologies are mostly sand and carbonate rocks, caps are mud rock, shale and magmatite. Entrap types are anticline, fault block rebuilt by breaking and the screened entrap diapered rock mass. The composition is CO_2, N_2, CH_4, C_2H_6 and He etc. It is magma air source body and its geologic fashions are intrusion and buried volcanic conduit. The relations between gas reservoirs and gas source bodies have three types: magma intrusion-breaking-communicated gas reservoir, magma intrusion-contacted CO_2 reservoir and buried volcanic conduit-contacted gas reservoir. The CO_2 migration in magma intrusion is consisted of fusing and crystallizing phases;it in volcanic conduit is consisted of near-surface effusion and crystallizing phases.The buoyancy of CO_2 in water far more than migration resistance in breaking or chink, CO_2 is easy float upward, the floating can results in differentiation of different density gases and concentration of sealed gas. The gas in sand reservoir firstly migrate into the higher porosity and coefficient of permeability sand, and along with the pressure going up it migrate into the lower. In magma intrusion-breaking-reservoir migration, CO_2 firstly migrate into watered breaking, began gravity differentiation and concentrate, the gas pressure time and again go up, CO_2 migrate into reservoir and concentrate under expansibility as the pressure reach upward a given extend. The CO_2 in reservoir experience four breaking modes: chemistry deposition, dissolution, diffusion and mechanic breaking, the pressure balance can be broken by faulting and the CO_2 will further migrate and form new reservoir.

济阳坳陷已发现的八里泊、阳25、平方王、平南、高青、花17 CO_2气藏主要储集层位有奥陶系、中生界、沙四段、沙三段、沙一段、馆陶组和明化镇组，储集层岩性以砂岩和碳酸盐岩为主，盖层以泥质岩、页岩和岩浆岩为主。；圈闭类型主要为受断裂改造的背斜、断块及刺穿岩体遮挡圈闭。；气体成分主要有CO_2、N_2、CH_4、C_2H_6、He等。；主要气源体为岩浆气源体，气源体的主要地质形式为侵入体和埋藏的火山通道。；气藏和气源体的空间关系有岩浆侵入体一断裂一气藏沟通型、岩浆侵入体-CO_2气储集层接触型和埋藏火山通道-气储集层接触型三种类型。；岩浆侵入体CO_2气运移分为熔融运移阶段和结晶运移阶段，火山通道中CO_2气运移分成近地表喷发阶段和结晶运移阶段。；断裂中，CO_2在水中的浮力远大于运移阻力，CO_2气容易上浮，CO_2在断裂中的易浮性导致不同密度气体的分异和走向上封闭的断裂气体相对富集。；气体在砂岩储集层运移聚集具有选择性，会优先进入孔隙度和渗透率较高的砂岩，随着压力增加，才会进入孔隙度和渗透率较低的砂岩；在岩浆气源体-断裂-储集层空间输导格架下，CO_2气在膨胀力的驱动下，首先进入含水的断裂并重力分异而聚集，气体压力会不断增高，当压力增至一定程度，CO_2气会向高孔隙度、渗透率的储集层运移并聚集。；在岩浆气源体-储集层接触空间输导格架下，CO_2气受膨胀力的驱动直接向储集层运移并聚集。；成藏的CO_2气会经历化学沉淀、溶解、扩散和机械破坏四种破坏方式，会受断裂切割而打破压力平衡，沿断裂进一步运移和聚集成藏。

Based on the detailed study of seismic tomography image in South China, and according to the geotectonic environment and shape and heat of asthenosphere upwelling, we divided the structure of lithosphereasthenosphere at the Mesozoic upper mantle of Eastern China into three types.(1)Continental platform area (North China platform and Yangtze platform): asthenosphere upwelled along paleorift; over the plume head, the granitic rocks of crust and mantle mixed and correspondingly, Au, Cu, Mo, PbZn, etc. mineralizationconcentrated regions were formed; and at the steep contact belt of asthenosphere and the thick area of lithosphere, mediatebasic complex was formed.(2)Central area of fold zone: asthenosphere was "recumbent" at suitable depth, with adequate heat and in a great extent; by heat conduction, the interior of partial crust remelted, and the crustsource granitic rocks, and correspondingly, W, Sn and rare elements mineralizationconcentrated regions were formed.

在深入研究华南地震层析成像的基础上，按照大地构造环境和软流圈上涌形状和热度，将中国东部中生代上地幔中岩石圈软流圈构造划分为3类：(1)陆台区，软流圈沿古裂陷上涌，其柱头上方形成幔壳混熔花岗质岩及相应Au、Cu、Mo、PbZn等矿集区，并于软流圈与岩石圈厚区之陡接触带形成中基性杂岩及相应Fe矿集区；(2)褶皱带中心区，软流圈在适当深度、热量充足、较大范围内&平卧&，因热传导而致使地壳内物质部分重熔，形成壳源型花岗质岩及相应的W、Sn、稀有元素矿集区；(3)褶皱带边缘区(大兴安岭南部及华南南缘)，在软流圈上涌柱上方形成幔源或幔壳混熔的花岗质岩，相应为Cu、Au、PbZn、Mo、Ag矿集区。

Through the comprehensive research of the typical igneous seismic profiles in Qiongdongnan basin, the stocks, laccoliths, sills and dikes were identified from other seismic characters, and their identification characters were also summarized.

通过对典型地震剖面的研究，识别出了岩株、岩盖、岩床和岩墙4种产状的侵入岩岩体，阐明了它们的地震信息识别特征，同时分析了不同产状的侵入岩与油气的关系，论述了8种与侵入岩有关的油气圈闭类型。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。