岩化作用

The compaction fluid system of Hongyan basin formed Hongyan pyrite ore belt in the old upheaved region that situated at the edge of the basin, and at the same time the impressing dolomitization occurred.

红岩地区盆地压实流体系统在盆缘古隆起地段形成红岩型黄铁矿矿带的同时，还形成特征的白云岩化作用。

Based on field work in fourteen typical ore districts of China, the author made experiments on contact metasomatism of ultrabasic-acid intrusive rocks with carbonate rocks, interaction between volcanic pneumatolyto-hydrothermal solution and volcanic rocks, and metasomatism in the process of sedimentary metamorphism and migmatizatiun.

本文作者在全国14个典型矿区的野外工作基础上，进行了超基性-酸性侵入岩与碳酸盐岩的接触交代实验；火山气热液与火山岩的相互交代实验；区域沉积变质和混合岩化过程中的交代作用实验。

New relations of minerals, mineral paragenesis and replacement have also been found.

在岩石学研究方面，找到了霓长岩，发现了霓长岩化作用，确定了火成碳酸岩岩石的存在。

The ore-near hydrothermal alteration rocks in Pangushan tungsten deposit s incluted;silicification,greisenization muscovization,phyllitealteration,sericitization,biotization,chloritization, carbonatization and so on.

盘古山钨矿床的近矿热液蚀变作用包括硅化、云英岩化、白云母化、绢英岩化、绢云母化、黑云母化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化等，与钨矿化关系密切的蚀变作用是云英岩化和白云母化，其次是硅化、绢英岩化和黑云母化。

This rock contained chalcedonic cement before it underwent diagenesis, a process where low temperatures and low pressures alter the content of sediments before they finally lithify, or turn into rock.

这块石头包含石髓的水泥之前，它经历了岩化作用，一个过程，那里的低温和低的压力，改变的内容，沉积物之前，他们终于岩化，或变成岩石。

Ore deposit, have been studied detailly; the orebody pattern (sedimental bedded ores combined with stringer ores of hydrothermal origin) is also outlined; four metallogenic epoches are devided; the zoning of mineralization (including zones of ores, elements, mineral assemblages and temperature of mineralization) have been depicted; the main types of wall-rock alteration are characterized as propylitization of basic rocks and pyritization-sericitization-silicification of acidic pyroclastic rocks; the origin of ores and seven kinds of main minerals have been studied; and the metamorphism and deformation of orebodies is thought mainly due to the shearing and the intrusion of subvolcanic rocks

研究了七个矿化带特别是I号矿床的矿床地质特征，描绘了矿体的双层结构(沉积矿石与热液充填交代的细网脉状矿石)，划分了四个成矿期次，区分了矿化分带(包括矿石组构的成因分带、元素分带、矿物组合分带、温度分带)，指出了围岩蚀变的主要特征是细碧岩青盘岩化而石英角斑质凝灰岩黄铁绢英岩化；对矿石及七种主要矿石矿物的成因作了研究；探讨了矿体的变质、变形，指出韧性剪切及次火山岩侵入的热力作用和应力作用是导致矿体变质变形的主要原因

During the early stage of Yanshan Movement in the Mesozoic Era, when the North China Plate had completed joining the Yangtze Plate to become a new united Craton massif, the tectonic movement turned to intracontinental orogenic stage, resulting in widespread magmatic activity and migmatization so that Tianzhu granitic batholith intruded the area on a large scale to form an embryo of the granite peak forest in the Tianzhu mountain area and ultrahigh pressure metamorphic zone further retraced its way, and consequently outcropped on the crust surface.

中生代燕山早期，华北、扬子板块已完成对接拼合，形成了新的统一的克拉通地块，构造运动已转入陆内造山阶段，引起广泛的岩浆作用和混合岩化作用，天柱山花岗质岩基大规模侵入，形成了区内天柱山花岗岩峰林胚胎，并导致超高压变质带进一步折返，并最终出露地表。

The ductile extension shearing between rock layers is the main structure action, which causes the plastic fludization and mylonization of rocks during the later period of late proterozoic era, and the brittle-ductile extension shearing is the main cause to form the breccias and quartz veins during Yenshan movement.

首次提出了金山韧性剪切带伸展—逆冲—伸展剪切的多阶段发展演化模式。晚元古代晚期的顺层韧性伸展剪切是形成金山地区岩石塑性流变和强烈糜棱岩化的主要构造作用，燕山运动期迭加的脆—韧性伸展剪切是形成该地区碎裂岩和石英脉的主要构造作用

Reefs, reef-mounds and lime mud mounds are all carbonate buildups, and the reefs and banks are important targets for petroleum exploration The reefs, banks and mounds should be divided from each other not only in theory, but also in exploration practice, because of so many differences in sedimentary compositions, fabrics, environments, distribution in time and space, and the characteristics of petroleum geology If the original reef or bank itself was fine reservoir rocks, then it would become a better reservoir after the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The formation of a high quality carbonate reservoir is controlled by two factors: the sedimentary microfacies and the reservoirconstructive diagenesis The first is the basis for the formation of a high quality reservoir, and with the high energy reefbank facies as the best; the latter includes the cataclasis, the dolomitization and the karstification The dolomitization and karstification are the best for the formation of a high quality reservoir The karstification has the widest distribution, profoundest effect, and plays a vital role in the high quality reservoir forming The karst types are quite rich in the limestone reef or bank reservoir, including synsedimentary karst, penesedimentary karst, supergene karst and hydrothermal karst, and so does the dolomitization reef or bank reservoir The formation mechanism of synsedimentary karst and penesedimentary karst is related to the short time exposing and leaching of the cyclical highfrequency shallowupward sequence when the reefs or banks are forming The supergene karst is controlled by the exposing and leaching of tertiary cyclic sequence type I interface after the reefs or banks forming Thus, there developed a great deal of secondary corrosion pores, corrosion fractures and huge caves besides some original pores remained in the reef and bank reservoir Scarcely there are any original effective pores in reefmounds and lime mud mounds, especially in senkes among mounds, but secondary pores could be formed by karstification, and there would likely develop source rocks with high organic abundance

礁、礁丘、丘同属碳酸盐建隆，礁、滩是重要勘探目的层。但各自在沉积组分、组构、环境和时空分布，以及油气地质条件上迥然不同，因而无论从理论还是勘探实践上，都有必要将其各成体系划分开来。礁滩自身为好储集岩，当建设性成岩作用叠加后可形成好的储层。碳酸盐岩优质储层形成，主要受沉积微相与建设性成岩作用两大因素控制。前者是基础，并以高能的礁滩相带为最好；后者主要包括破裂、白云石化和溶蚀三大类，并以白云石化或溶蚀为最优，其中的溶蚀分布最广泛、影响最深刻而对优质储层形成起决定性作用。礁滩储层中的古岩溶类型最为丰富多彩，包括同生期、准同生期、表生期和埋藏期热流体岩溶的所有类型，白云岩化礁滩体也不例外。其中，同生准同生期岩溶的形成机制与礁滩沉积时高频层序旋回向上变浅序列的短暂暴露淋溶有关，表生期岩溶则受控于礁滩沉积后三级层序旋回Ⅰ型界面的暴露淋溶。由此，导致礁滩储层中除了可以也是唯一保存原生孔隙外，还发育了次生溶蚀孔洞缝和大型溶洞。礁丘、灰泥丘尤其是丘间洼地中发育高有机质丰度烃源岩；它们自身没有有效的原生孔隙，但岩溶作用可以形成次生孔隙。

This paper deals with and summarizes the research and importance of ductile shear zones and presents the future direction and aim for the research of the ductile shear zones around the world. Four aspects of studies of the ductile shear zones have been proposed in this paper as follows:(1) The stress environment including the mineral assemblages, deformation, stress-shearing parameters;(2) The major element sequence and activation under condition of stress;(3) The variations of trace elements and REE, their transportation distributions under strong natural deformation as well as variations of mineral crystal parameters, which can also control the element changes during the ductile deformation;(4) The relationship between element migrations, activation and stress, which will present the new evidences for the studies of dynamic diagenesis and mineralization as well as the studies of evolution of ductile shear zones developed in middle and low levels.(5) The analysis of elements and isotopes in mylonites on the micro-scale are crucial for the understanding of component migrations during the mylonization.

对韧性剪切带及其变形岩石的研究现状和研究意义进行系统的综述，提出了未来韧性剪切带及其糜棱岩的研究方向和目标：①系统研究糜棱岩中主要造岩矿物组合及其变形特征，计算剪切变形岩石的应力－应变参数，搞清韧性剪切带所处的应力应变环境；②系统研究韧性剪切带岩石在天然分强剪切应力作用条件下常量元素迁移机制及活化转移的应力排序问题；③系统研究剪切变形作用过程中岩石化学组成的微量和稀土元素变化，讨论强变形条件下岩石中微量元素活化和迁移规律，深入探讨微量元素迁移的动力控制，包括稀土元素配分变化的应力制约以及应变矿物晶格化学变化行为及其对其寄主的变形岩石元素在应变过程中迁移变化的制约和影响；④从理论上探讨天然强剪切应变条件下岩石中组分活化、转移与应力的因果联系，为深入探讨韧性剪切带动力成岩作用提供理论的科学依据，为探讨中、下地壳中韧性剪切带的形成和演化提供科学依据，同时为韧性剪切变形作用条件下成岩、成矿地球化学作用提供理论和实验依据；⑤现代分析技术如激光同位素原位分析以及激光ICP-MASS分析技术对研究变形域内的岩石的元素和同位素的活化迁移规律，对深刻揭示糜棱岩化过程中的元素活化迁移机制提供更高质量的地球化学证据具有重要的作用。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。