履行保证

"Always"之类的强调词,如: e.g.4 The Covenantor hereby undertakes to procure that the Customer will comply with all the Customer's obligations to you, the beneficiaries of this deed,but should the Customer default in the payment when due of any payment or default in complying with any other obligation, the Covenantor will, without the need for any demand, make immediate payment or performance thereof as the case may be, at the place, in the funds and currency and/or in the manner required of the Customer and without any withholding or deduction whatsoever PROVIDED ALWAYS HOWEVER that no time for limitation of liability in respect of this Deed shall begin to run in favor of the Covenantor unless and until one or both of you shall have made demand on the Covenantor, and if more than one demand is made, then only from the date and to the extent of each demand respectively.

订约人兹承诺：保证客户将履行其对贵方—即本契约之共同或单独受益人—应尽之所有义务，但是假如客户未支付任何到期的款项或未能履行任何其他义务，订约人将在无需要求的 13 情况下，在客户指定的地点，以所要求的款项及货币形式及/或付款方式，立即做出支付或履行本契约的义务，所付款项不得有任何扣留和减少。但是，除非组成贵方之一公司或两公司已经向订约人提出要求，否则有关本契约之债务时效任何时候都不得按有利于订约人一方的方式开始计算；如果贵方向订约人提出一项以上的要求，则分别按每项要求提出的日期及具体状况开始计算债务时效。 7， any person who"的引导和翻译：，""的引导和翻译：在法律条例中，尤其在各地的刑法典及条例中，"any person who does…shall be guilty of an offence 类句型重复率相当高， person who 用来指称具备一定条件之人， any 并不似 whoever 那样可泛指所有的人，此外，any person who 是个定语从句，后边可以带好几个并行成份的句子而读者读起来不感到吃力，这点也非 whoever 能比，在句法上，该句型有时会把主语和谓语用逗号分开，中间加插一个定语修饰词。

Article 4 The term external guarantees used in these detailed rules refers to guarantees provided by institutions within the Chinese territory (hereinafter referred to as the guarantor) by way of producing guarantee letters, stand-by letters of credit, promissory notes, checks and drafts, mortgages by properties stipulated in Article 34 of the Guarantee Law of the PRC, hypothecation by moving properties according to provisions stipulated in Section 1 of Chapter 4 of the Guarantee Law of the PRC or by rights stipulated in Article 75 of Section 2 provided by institutions within the Chinese territory to institutions outside China or foreign-funded financial institutions inside China (creditors or beneficiaries, hereinafter referred to as the creditors) with the pledges that when the debtor (hereinafter referred to as the guaranteed) fails to repay the debts in line with the contract, the guarantors shall perform the obligations of payment or the creditors may put the mortgaged or hypothecated assets to auction according to the Guarantee Law and enjoy priority in getting compensations from the proceeds there-from.

第四条 《办法》所称对外担保，是指中国境内机构以保函、备用信用证、本票、汇票等形式出具对外保证，或者以《中华人民共和国担保法》中第三十四条规定的财产对外抵押或者以《担保法》第四章第一节规定的动产对外质押和第二节第七十五条规定的权利对外质押，向中国境外机构或者境内的外资金融机构（债权人或者受益人，以下称受益人）承诺，当债务人未按照合同约定履行义务时，由担保人履行义务；或者受益人依照《担保法》将抵押物或者质押物折价拍卖、变卖的价款优先受偿。

In the Civil Law Family,the collateral guarantor'srights of defense mainly are related to the invalidity of the underlying contract,the revocability of the underlying contract,the right of offset,the concurrentconditions,"Einrede der Unsicherkei",the invalidity of the guarantee contract.the period of validity,the special terms of immunity from the guarantor's liabilityand beneficiam excussionis.Under the case law of the Common Law Family,thesituations in which the collateral guarantor can claim the rights of defense mainlyinclude the situation of non-fulfillment of the guarantee condition,the situationrelated to the extent of guarantor's liability,the situation under which the creditordidn't perform his obligations,the situation related to the appropriation ofpayments,the situations related to fulfillment of purpose of guarantee,thesituation related to the creditor's laches,the situation related to the loss ofsecurities held by the creditor,the situation related to the discharge of theprincipal debtor,the situation related to the creditor connivance in the default ofthe principal,the situation related to the discharge arising by operation of law andthe situation related to the fiduciary duty.

大陆法系中，从属保证人对债权人的抗辩权主要有：主债务无效抗辩权、主债务可撤销抗辩权、抵销抗辩权、同时履行抗辩权、不安抗辩权、保证合同无效抗辩权、保证期间抗辩权、特殊免责抗辩权以及先诉抗辩权等；根据英美法系国家的判例法，从属保证人能够主张抗辩权的情形主要有：保证责任条件不成就的抗辩、关于保证责任范围的抗辩、债权人不履行义务的抗辩、关于债务清偿分配的抗辩、保证目的已实现的抗辩、关于债权人懈怠的抗辩、关于债权人享有的担保权益丧失的抗辩、债务人的债务免除抗辩、债权人对债务人违约纵容的抗辩、法律适用导致保证责任解除的抗辩、就信托义务原则提出的抗辩。

Nowadays, many problems exist in Chinese construction market, such as bad quality and nonpayment, which obviously related with bad performance of contract. Construction contract guarantee is an important credit instrument to guarantee the performance of a construction contract.

中国建筑领域存在的许多问题，如工程质量问题、工程款拖欠问题等，都与承发包合同履行不良有着密切关系，工程保证担保是国际上保障建设工程承发包合同履行的一种信用工具。

Article 21 A maritime lien is the right of the claimant, subject to the provisions of Article 22 of this Code, to take priority in compensation against shipowners, bareboat charterers or ship operators with respect to the ship which gave rise to the said claim.

船舶留置权，船舶留置权，是指造船人，修船人在合同另一方未履行合同时，方未履行合同时，可以留置所占有的船舶，留置所占有的船舶，以保证造船费用或者修船费用得以偿还的权利。

Second, the wrier lists the similarity between the guaranty insurance contract of consumer credit and contract of guaranty. That is to say both of them have the function of safeguarding and probability of the performance. However, the similarity of them is only on appearance.

其次论述了消费信贷保证保险合同与保证合同之间虽然具有一定的相似之处：如二者均冠以&保证&之名，二者都具有保障功能，二者在履行上都具有或然性等，但是二者之间的相似之处仅仅是形似。

Improve the corporate governance system, management system standard, the Company has guaranteed all types of management to discharge their duties the necessary powers and resources; clearly provides important quality of all departments and job responsibilities, powers and mutual relations to take effective measures to ensure the detection work The impartiality and independence, establishing quality monitoring system; appropriate measures and procedures to protect the confidentiality of customer information and ownership, to reflect the integrity of the company.

公司管理体系完善，管理制度规范，本公司有保证各类管理人员履行其职责所需的权力和资源；明确规定了各部门和重要质量岗位的职责、职权和相互关系；采取有效措施保证检测工作的公正性和独立性；建立质量监督制度；有适当的措施和程序保护客户的机密信息和所有权，以体现公司的诚信度。

G To guarantee support and/or secure either with or without consideration the payment of any debentures, debenture stock, bonds, mortgages, charges, obligations, interest, dividends, securities, monies or shares or the performance of contracts or engagements of any company or person and in particular (but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing) of any company which is, for the time being the Company's holding company as defined by Sections 736 and 736 of the Companies Act 1985 as amended by the Companies Act 1989 or another subsidiary, as defined by the said section of the Company's holding company or otherwise associated with the Company in business

试译：旨在提供担保支持和/或在有或无对价的情况下，保证无担保债券、公司债券、有担保债券、抵押、押记、债务、利息、股息、证券、款项或股票的支付，或者保证任何公司或个人履行合同，尤其是保证（但不妨害上述规定的普遍性）以下公司履行合同：按1985年颁布、后经1989年《公司法》所修正的《公司法》第736节和第736节定义的暂时为公司的控股公司，或者是这些节所定义的公司控股公司的另一个子公司或与公司业务相关的其他公司。

To guarantee support and/or secure either with or without consideration the payment of any debentures, debenture stock, bonds, mortgages, charges, obligations, interest, dividends, securities, monies or shares or the performance of contracts or engagements of any company or person and in particular (but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing) of any company which is, for the time being the company's holding company as defined by sections 736 and 736 of the companies Act 1985 as amended by the Company Act 1989 or another subsidiary, as defined by the said section of the company's holding company or otherwise associated with the company in business and to give indemnities and guarantees of all kinds and by way of security as aforesaid either with or without consideration to mortgage and charge the undertaking and all or any of the real and personal securities of the company by a trust deed or other assurance and to enter into partnership or any joint purse arrangement with any person, persons, firm or company.

根据1989年修订版的1985年公司法的第736款和第736款定义的控股公司或其他附属条款有关控股公司商业往来有关上述安全的赔偿和担保的叙述保证支持/保证，无论是否考虑支付任何债券、公司债务、公债、按揭、抵押、债、息、利、证券、款项或股份，保证履行对任何公司、商行或个人的合同或承诺，且提供各种赔偿和担保，无论是否考虑公司、商行或个人的资产财产，与宗旨类同本公司的全部或部分宗旨的任何个人、商行或公司建立合伙关系或签订合资协议

All the banking financial institutions shall practically fulfill the "six service commitments" and handle special affairs in a special way to ensure smooth channels for earthquake relief donations and remittances; shall provide good services for payment and settlement of disaster relief funds to ensure that disaster relief funds be remitted to the accounts of payees as soon as possible; shall do a good job in capital dispatch and remittance to safeguard the needs of the clients in disaster areas for drawing cash and ensure the timely entry of disaster relief funds into accounts and the timely allotment of disaster relief funds; shall try to resume normal business operation of outlets in disaster areas, and may set up temporary outlets under a special circumstance to ensure the needs of clients for transactions; shall rapidly process international earthquake relief funds and reduce charges as much as possible; shall open green credit-granting channels for earthquake relief, actively do a good job in granting of disaster relief loans, support the timely purchase and circulation of earthquake relief materials, provide special financial services for the heavily affected industries and enterprises of power, communications, highway and railway, etc., guarantee the efficiency in examination and approval of loans and ensure the disaster relief funds be in place timely.

银行业金融机构都要切实履行&六项服务承诺&，特事特办，确保抗震救灾捐款、汇款通道顺畅运行；做好救灾款项的支付清算服务，确保救灾款项第一时间到达指定收款人账户；做好资金调运和汇划，保障灾区客户提取现金的需求，保证救灾款项及时入账和拨付；在保证安全的基础上，设法恢复受灾地区网点的正常营业，特殊情况下可设临时营业点，以保证客户办理业务的需求；对有关抗震救灾的国际救助资金快速办理，并尽可能减免费用；开启抗震救灾绿色授信通道，积极做好抗震救灾贷款投放，支持抗震救灾物资的及时采购和流通，对电力、通讯、公路、铁路等受灾害影响大的行业和企业采取特殊的金融服务支持，保证信贷审批效率，确保救灾贷款及时到位。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。